Julius Ceasar Overview Essays - , Term Papers

Julius Ceasar: Overview SUMMARY: Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is the story of the resulting conflicts from the assassination of perpetual dictator and Roman emperor, Julius Caesar. A great friend of Caesar, Mark Antony, comes to the senate to see the dead body of their dictator. He pretends to not be angry at those who took part in the assassination, and asks to speak at his funeral, a request which he is granted. However, after the men leave, he begins a soliloquy in which he suggests that Caesar's spirit will take revenge upon his murderers and invoke a war involving the entire country. Antony begins the revenge of his death by speaking at the funeral about the wrong done to Caesar, the man's generosity to the people, and how Brutus tried to persuade them to believe his justification of the murder. The crowd turns to agreement with Antony and then accuse the conspirators of murder. The accused men flee, eventually leaving the bounds of the city, and the citizens leave to loot and burn the houses of the guilty men. The armies of Brutus and Cassius set up camps near another city and knowing that Antony's soldiers are coming, they decide to march toward the enemy at once. The fighting begins with the confrontation of the two sides, as Cassius' and Brutus' armies arrive. Antony and his partner challenge the assassins to fight, and the bloody battle begins. The armies of the conspirators fall into vulnerability many times, and their side does poorly, losing many men. Cassius hears mistakenly that one of his important soldiers has been captured, loses hope, and commits suicide, while Brutus feels that his army has been cornered, and throws himself onto another man's sword, killing himself also. They call off the rest of the battle, for Antony's army now had victory over Brutus and Cassius, Caesar's murder had been avenged, and order had been restored. CHARACTERS: There are a couple of main characters in this story. Caesar is well liked by the citizens of Rome, yet is a somewhat arrogant man and believes himself to be above everybody else. He is given praise often and honored by events such as a holiday in his name. However, several men do not agree that Caesar should have such a high title, as they despise his character. These six men conspire to kill the emperor to end what they see as his tyranny and oppression in Rome. A man named Cassius organizes the event, while a powerful figure, Brutus, persuades Caesar to come to the senate, where he is to be killed. While the emperor argues with one of the conspirators, a man named Casca stabs him in the back, and the other men follow and wound him with their swords until he falls to the ground, dead. EVALUATION: In this play, Shakespeare gave morals to the audience about right and wrong and acting upon one's opinion. He showed that one should not bring death to someone else based on their personal desires, or whether they believe it is in the best interest of their society, for they are only one person out of the many who have a voice. He also implies that if one commits an act of wrong, justified, or not, they can expect to be punished for it by the others who were hurt by those actions.

The Essential First Step When Writing a Proposal

The Essential First Step When Writing a Proposal One of the most vexing considerations when writing a proposal is deciding what information to include and what to omit. And, we need to tier information so it is relevant and compelling. Here is the honest answer to determining what information to include in your proposal, and where to place it:It depends. Every proposal requires different content, sequencing, and even tone, depending on audience needs. Therefore, we have to approach proposal writing with a logical, step-by-step process that is built on audience needs.That's why templates are useful in proposal writing, but never definitive, and can get you in trouble. The Essential First Step When Writing a Proposal There is a first step every proposal writer should begin with, when writing every proposal, to determine what to include and what to omit: analyze your audience carefully. In essence, at this first most important point in the proposal writing process, you need to figure out your audience. Everything else - content, solutions, product recommendations, tone, and even pricing and presentation - hangs fully on audience needs. Defining your audience is the critical stage in proposal writing. At this point, don't even think about your company's technical knowledge or unique solutions; that will come later. Don't muddy the waters yet. What to Include and What to Omit When Writing a Proposal Always start with considering your audience.. Get a clear idea of them in your head before you plan solutions or write anything. Ask yourself questions about your proposal readers: How much do they know about your company and your solutions? Are they resistant or open to change or new process? Have you worked with them before? Are they cheap or willing to spend money to get a good solution? What are their pain points? What is most important to them about their pain point or issues? What is less important to them, but perhaps still relevant? Are they interested? Or, are they disinterested? Is your working relationship established and easy, or established and being reviewed? Are they knowledgeable about your industry in general? Etc. The answers to these questions frame everything else about your proposal. You will match proposal content directly to the audience. Always. A very common proposal mistake is to write what you, as the proposal writer, think is important about your solution or product. That may or may not be your readers' primary interest. It's an easy trap to fall into because we all know our products and solutions so well. It's natural to write from our own perspective, especially when we enjoy our work, believe in our solutions, and are knowledgeable and passionate about our subject. But, you will likely fail to meet your readers' real needs if you don't first analyze your audience. We always want to provide content that is relevant to audience needs. We can't do that if we don't first figure out our audience's perspective, experience, challenges, and needs. Defining your audience when you start to write a proposal is the essential first step that will help you know what information to include and what to omit, and also tier its importance, in the proposal. Match the information directly to audience needs. Be certain your first step when writing a proposal is defining your audience. I like to simplify this into two steps: Who will actually be reading the proposal? What is their "deal?" (Are they interested? Disinterested? Reactive? Affable but unable to commit? Cheap? Willing to spend money for value? Knowledgeable about the industry and solution? Are the readers a committee? If so, what is the "deal" with the members of the committee?...) Wrestle with these questions until you clearly understand your readers. Once you have your readers clearly in your mind, you will easily be able to determine what content to include, or omit. And, you'll know much more easily where and how to present it. First Things First Skip this important first step and your content can't possibly match reader needs or determine what information is most important. And, the proposal will likely be unfocused and over or under weighted with solutions or present irrelevant information. If content is not matched to your readers' needs, you are unlikely to earn the business. You can't determine the right content if you don't first analyze your reader during this first essential step to writing a proposal. Ready to master proposal writing? Close more business by enrolling in our onlineProposal Course. Receive instruction, templates, and feedback on each incremental step of the proposal you write during the course. Additionally, the last lesson includes individual coaching on the strategy and writing of proposals you write at work and a detailed review of the proposal you write during the course. You will fully master proposal writing in this course. Or, download our free guide onHow to Write a Proposal.

Managing responsibly in a Global Environment - Reflection Journal on Movie Review

Managing responsibly in a Global Environment - Reflection Journal on Blue Gold - Movie Review Example n that we utilize 30 billion gallons of water dailly which is 15 times more than the amount of groundwater produced invoked me on the ways I could implement to curtail my misuse of water. It invoked my sense of humanity to the point that I though ven if it won’t be in my life time when the water wars will be fought, how will humankind survive and thrive? The movie also compelled me to be overly preservative and conservative of land, water and its sources. It changed my view of use of water in agriculture,manufacturing and production of soft drinks. This is because I thought to myself if through our humankind actions 60% of the wetlands in the world have been destroyed and most of land has become deserts then the water crisi may be innevitable! Furthermore, bearing in mind that most of the 3% fresh water is polluted, where are we headed as a planet? It dawned on me that unless we did something now and fast water crisis will be here with us soon enough. After viewing the film I became aware of the way man destroys himself through greed. I could not imagine the extent to which desire for money has driven men to convert water from a public good to a commercial good for profiteering. In addition, it was more painful to learn that even the world organisations, corporations and governments which pretend or are supposed to be pro humanity are at the fore-front in causing water crisis through corruption and wierd laws.It has become even worse since water sources are being sold off as private land to individuals as opposed to being a reserve land to governments. The movie created a sense of urgency to me regarding the role I have to play to combat this crisis. This is because as it stipulates we are 50 years away from the crisis unless actions are taken.Recently, I have become vocal and action oriented towards the goal of preventing occurrence such a crisis to our future generations.In addition, I have been in full support of new technologies aimed at conserving or

The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

The Great Gatsby - Essay Example The novel provides an exploration of Gatsby’s journey in achieving wealth, success and love with passionate optimism while ironically submitting into moral corruption and questionable lifestyle in the process. This paper aims to analyze how the conflict between Gatsby’s representation of an average American’s hopes, dreams and aspirations with his personal, professional and social life conditions affect his capacity to accomplish his ambitions. Wealthy New Yorker James Gatsby is the central character of the novel. Born as James Gatz, he longed to escape from the impoverished life that he was born into from rural South Dakota and possess wealth and sophistication. While studying in college, he worked as a janitor to support his finances but abruptly quitted because of the difficulty of the job. The one thing that inspired and deeply motivated Gatsby to achieve his goals is his love for Daisy Buchanan, a young girl born from luxury and grace that he met before leaving for the World War I as an enlisted officer in 1917. He firmly believed that he can convince her that he was good for her if he has already established his fortune and become a notable name in society. Daisy promised to wait for him though she married football player Tom Buchanan just after two years and settled in the old rich community of East Egg in New York. Heartbroken, Gatsby finished his studies in Oxford and concentrated on getting Daisy back by particip ating in organized crimes such as stealing bond securities and distributing illegal alcohol. His changing of his name symbolizes his reinvention as he improved his social and economic status. After acquiring millions of dollars, Gatsby bought a mansion in West Egg and threw weekly lavish parties in order to lure Daisy in joining such. Expectedly, Gatsby and Daisy’s paths crossed in the wealthy society of New York. Facing the moment that he prepared for several years, Gatsby showed his wealth and

Film History Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Film History - Movie Review Example In a profound research on screen history, one cannot ignore the importance of the genre called the Western and it is a fiction genre which has grown to represent the culture of western society. The westerns were the most common genre in Hollywood one time and between the 1930s and the mid-1960s it was the most dominant Hollywood film or an archetypical genre. "To say a film is a western is immediately to say that it shares some indefinable 'X' with other films we call westerns. In addition, it provides us with a body of films to which our film can be usefully compared..." (Grant 2003. P. 3). Arguably, it was the most significant American story form of the twentieth century, though the case is greatly changed today and it has become unlikely to find a western now. Thus, the influence, themes, and myths central to the classic Hollywood western, along with these movies, have disappeared, though the imprints of the genre can still be seen in the modern box-office success stories. Therefo re, an analysis of the western genre has great significance today. "Western themes and myths are still alive and well, but they have migrated to other genres, most notably, science fiction and action movies A look at the western today is not a revisiting of a dying genre, but an examination of a type of film whose shadow still falls across the theatre screens of North America." (The History of Film). This paper focuses on a comparative analysis of two modern western genre films in order to comprehend the significant elements and the history of the genre. The Western Genre: Film texts The popularity of the western genre in the twentieth century may be understood as the result of their specific characteristics which are reflected in the modern blockbuster successes. The western, which was once a Hollywood staple, has fallen on hard times. "Its complex and rich intertwining of a frontier setting, male action and themes of national identity and history no more sustains a viable genre, and the framework for analysing it through the oppositions of civilization and wilderness, the garden and the desert, has been challenged." (Geraghty 2007. P. 136). Edwin S. Porter's The Great Train Robbery (1903), which is the first western genre film, illustrates the essential elements of the genre and by 1929s the western became a generic clip. The Searchers (1956) by John Ford is an illustrious example of the genre type and the hero's status as a pathological outsider

The Future of Low Cost Airlines

The Future of Low Cost Airlines In the last ten years low cost airlines such as  Ryanair and EasyJet have transformed the face of international tourism in  Europe. What is the secret of their success and, bearing in mind the mounting  evidence that short-haul aviation is a major contributor to atmospheric  pollution and global warming, what is their future? Contents (Jump to) Introduction Europe’s Skies After Deregulation Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Ryanair signaled Europe’s entry into the low cost carrier market segment in 1991 when it transformed from a normal regional airline to one based on the U.S. Southwest Airlines model (International Civil Aviation Organization, 2003). In reality, the first successful low cost airlines was Pacific Southwest Airlines that began operations on 6 May 1949 and earned the distinction of low cost as it flew sailors for low fares serving San Francisco, San Diego and Burbank in the state of California (jeypsa.com, 2007). The modern day low cost Southwest Airlines initiated service in 1971 and has managed a profit in every year of operation since 1973, and represents the business model that low cost carriers have emulated (Southwest Airlines, 2007). In achieving a thirty percent yearly growth rate, Ryanair has transformed the market utilizing a strategy of serving the leisure market between Ireland and the United Kingdom, expanding to 22 countries (Ryanair, 2007a). The company has built up on is position of being Europe’s first low fare airline to achieve a brand recognition that carries with it that immediate connection in the minds of consumers. It also has aggressively increased its route structure, provides a pleasurable service experience, conducts memorable advertising, and held upon to pricing strategy to lure consumers (Ericsson, 2007). As a globally successful carrier in terms of profits, flights and passengers, Ryanair serves the fare conscious leisure and business segment of the market (Ryanair, 2007b). Founded by Sir Stellios Haji-Ioannou in October 1995, easyJet serves the leisure and business segment of the market, like its competitor Ryanair, and operates in excess of 200 routes to 65 airports throughout Europe (easyJet, 2007). Like Ryanair, easyJet’s business model is patterned after Southwest Airlines, offering low cost fares, flight convenience and service that is comparable to Ryanair, thus their respective strategies are basically the same, with the exception that easyJet flies to more primary airports than Ryanair which utilizes secondary airports to save on operating costs (easyJet, 2007). Thus, fare pricing, name recognition, branding, services, and destinations are behind the success of this carrier. The success of the low cost carrier concept has taken Europe by storm, introducing the market to a â€Å"†¦ cheap, fast mode of transport †¦Ã¢â‚¬  with the low fare carriers â€Å"†¦ making ambitious expansion plans and placing large orders for new planes† (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). However, there are environmental concerns that have come to the forefront as flying has never been easier, or cheaper, where short distance flights has spurred â€Å"†¦ an increased demand for air travel †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bowe et al, 2004). Given the relative inexpensiveness of flights, the plethora of destinations, and the ease of Internet booking â€Å"The demand to fly in Europe is forecast to triple by 2030† this has raised serious concerns among environmental groups concerning air pollution as well as the increased rate of greenhouse gas emissions (Bowe et al, 2004). One of the main underpinnings of the low cost airline system popularity is the availability of flights to almost any destination near a suitable airport, either a hub, prime, airport or secondary airport located further from the principle destination which means lower landing fees for carriers, and thus a viable aspect of their internal cost cutting measures (Bo we et al, 2004). The popularity of being able to compare flight costs, travel times, and destinations via Internet booking is a factor that consumers have also taken to, along with the more open travel that has resulted from deregulation that has allowed new entrants into the field. The business model of low cost carriers seek to utilize airports with lower congestion near high population densities, and preferred travel destinations using a single type of airframe to reduce ground maintenance, and crew training/operating costs, to result in a flight turnaround of 25 minutes lacking frills in-flight, and a simple fare structure (ATR, 2006). The preceding operational mode is geared for higher fleet flights, increased labour efficiency, along with lower maintenance, and operating costs (ATR, 2006). Internally, the aircraft have only one passenger class, all with the same seating space, thus increasing cabin density permitting a higher per passenger flight carrying capacity to maximize on space, fuel and extract utilization to support the low fare structure (ATR, 2006). The elimination of food (frills) also eliminates waste, and reduces internal operating costs, add to this equation. Employees at low cost carriers at encouraged not to join trade unions, in order to avoid the unionised working practices that would cut into their efficiency stance (Vella, 2006). All of the foregoing has meant increased flights, resulting in particle emissions in the form of soot, metals, and sulphuric acid that â€Å"†¦ indirectly influence climate change by causing additional cirrus clouds to form †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which traps rising heat (Bowe et al, 2004). The environmental concern has resulted in the European Commission announcing a proposal in December 2006 that would call for airlines that fly â€Å"†¦ within the European Union to follow carbon dioxide emissions trading in 2001 †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which would be imposed on all other flights in 2012 (The Washington Times, 2006). Under the plan, â‚ ¬1.80 and â‚ ¬9 would be added to the cost of tickets for intra European flights, and higher fees imposed for long haul flights (International Herald Tribune, 2006). The preceding means that alternative short trip transportation has become an increasing competitor. Alternative short trip transportation is represented by high-speed rail that results i n substantially reduced CO2 emissions, which are estimated as being approximately 300% lower than air flight transport (Bowe et al, 2004). Ryanair is combating the new emission policy through the purchase of newer fuel-efficient airframes that carry more passengers, and in spite of using more fuel still generate less emission (Airline Bulletin, 2007). The airline, Ryanair, emits an estimated â€Å"†¦ two to three tonnes of harmful greenhouse gases †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which makes it one of Ireland’s largest corporate polluters (UK – Airport – News.info, 2006). It is estimated that it would take 2.25 million trees until 2076 to offset the emission created by Ryanair in 2005 alone, not to mention its continued operations, or roughly one fifth of Ireland would have to be planted with trees for each one year of the company’s operation (UK – Airport – News.info, 2006). Low cost airlines are projected to capture 25% of the intra-European market by 2010 up from the 5% through 7% recorded during 2004 and 2005 (Schneiderbaur and Fainsilber, 2006). The issues of pollution as well as competition from high-speed short haul rail travel, and intense competition within the low cost segment that will bring about consolidation are environmental, and competitive issues, however the European appetite for the fast transportation solutions posed by low cost carriers will not be severely impacted by alternative transportation or environmental issues as airlines will defend and adapt to changing issues. The airline industry is a highly concentrated one, with half of all airframes operated by just 17 carriers (AirlinesGate, 2001). The United States airline industry was deregulated in 1978, prior to which there was a governmental agency that â€Å"†¦ determined the routes each airline flew and oversaw the prices they charged† (AirlinesGate, 2001). The Civil Aeronautics Board in 1976 asked the United States congress to eliminate the governmental regulatory system to allow the industry to operate under free market forces, which was followed by the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 (Stanford University, 2001). The Airline industry in Europe, prior to a series of liberalisation measures that started in 1987, was a highly regulated market with a number of state owned airlines receiving subsidies, and the restriction that only national flag carriers could fly between countries (AirlinesGate, 2001). Subsidies and restricted access limited the ability of new entrants, and kept fare s high, as well as limited service as the airline cartels set prices, and determined service. The airline industry in Europe prior to deregulation consisted of restricted bilateral agreements between the flag carriers of two countries, usually setting limits or terms concerning capacity, revenue sharing and fares (Button, 1996, pp. 70-80). The European airline industry under a traditional bilateral agreement consisted of a singular â€Å"†¦ designated airline per route from each country†, with the only routes permitted were those as specified in these agreements (Doganis, 1994, pp. 15-25). In terms of capacity, there was a 50- 50 sharing agreement, and the fares were subject to the approval of the government of both countries as negotiated through the International Air Transport Association (Doganis, 1994, pp. 15-25). Under liberalized bilateral agreements the airlines now operated under multiple designations, with open market access, capacity controls were eliminated, and fares were rejected only if the governments of both countries disapproved (Doganis, 1994, pp. 15-25). The 1993 European Union deregulation package provided for a uniform licensing criteria for airlines in all countries belonging to the EU, and eliminated distinctions regarding scheduled, and non-scheduled service. In terms of routes, it p rovides for open market access in all European Union countries, with capacity sharing restrictions removed (Doganis, 1994, pp. 15-25). Lastly, airlines were free to price fares with a very limited double disapproval, and it imposed safeguards concerning predatory fare pricing. Europe’s Skies After Deregulation The European Union embarked upon the road of the deregulation of airline policy in the latter part of 1980, proceeding on a staggered basis starting with the 1987 deregulation package under the Treaty of Rome competition articles (Button and Swan, 1996, pp. 259-282). This allowed for the EU to grant exemptions concerning the rules, thus gradually phasing in the process of deregulation to provide for an orderly entry towards liberalisation and the successive packages to follow (Button and Swan, 1996, pp. 259-282). The three-phased process ended in 1997 whereby carriers were granted permission to operate domestic routes throughout the EU (Button and Swan, 1996, pp. 259-282). The importance of the gradual process of deregulation eliminated the monopoly power that was in place that represented economic regulation that eliminated free competition and under economic theory lowers productivity, resulting in higher prices, and creates inefficiency (Winston, 1993, pp. 1263-1289). In effect th e higher profits expected in a regulated environment that resulted in monopolistic power was offset by higher operating costs due to inefficiencies. Deregulation set the grounds for increased freedom in pricing, and thus increased operating efficiencies as a result of competition as new firms could enter a market and through their improved operations offer lower prices thus taking market share (Doganis, 1994, pp. 15-25). Deregulation represented a change in route structures that was one of the most important aspects (Morrison and Winston, 1989, pp. 61-122). As a result of deregulation national flag carriers have had to contend with new entrants thereby increasing competitive pressures as well as fare changes. The preceding open door for new market entrants has seen a significant increase in regional airlines, and the low cost airlines (AirlinesGate, 2001). Increased competition has caused airline management to improve operations, introduce and seek new technologies, and overall heighten operational management sophistication and marketing. The marketing model of low cost carriers in providing low cost fares to markets through high flight utilization lowered internal operating costs, use where possible of secondary lower fee airports, higher airframe seating capacity, and no in-flight services providing European’s with new options concerning the manner they thought about air travel. The leisure class was affected the most in that the dramatically lower fares enabled consumers to think about three and four day get-aways and mini vacations outside of traditional vacation periods, developing to the point where weekends fitted the mode. Prior to deregulation, â€Å"†¦ the market was neatly divided †¦ (with) †¦ Scheduled carriers, focusing primarily on business travelers, controlled 75 percent of the intra-European market† and charter airline controlling the remaining 25 percent (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). Charter airlines sold aircraft time and seating capacity to tour operators for tourists seeking sun filled vacations (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). Low cost carriers changed these dynamics through their one passenger class, increased airframe seating, fast flight turnaround, no frills, Internet booking business model. These factors permitted low cost carriers to fares that are 50 to 70 percent lower than the flag carriers, or incumbents, attracting price sensitive travelers, but not appealing as much regarding the convenience and flexibility business travelers seek, even though Ryanair has managed to snag a goodly percentage of business travelers (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). And the growth of t he low cost carriers has not come at the expense of the incumbents, but rather as a result of their pricing and service policies. Lower fares have prompted people to fly as a result of increased affordability, opting for planes over rail, vehicles or not traveling at all (Shelley, 2005). And this extends even to the business segment of the market where companies that normally could not afford the expense of a business trip can schedule fares to conduct business on a face-to-face basis (Shelley, 2005). The large number of low cost flights as a result of the increased number of carriers means that finding a flight to suit business parameters is an easy task as a result of Internet booking. Thus the low cost model has grown not as a result of stealing market share, but rather from expanding the consumer base. Low Cost airlines compete on price as opposed to quality, utilizing the aforementioned one passenger class, increased airframe seating, fast flight turnaround, no frills, Internet booking business model. However, the application of the preceding does vary. Ryanair, for example, primarily operates its routes to secondary airports, reaping the benefits of dramatically reduced airport fees that on average are 65 percent below primary airports (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). This internal operational method permits Ryanair to offer fares that are the lowest in the industry, yet turn a profit when more than 55 percent of its seats are occupied (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). EasyJet, which generally flies into main airports, and on average flies to its destinations three times per week as opposed to Ryanair’s two, needs a 75 percent capacity rate (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). EasyJet, because of its increased flight schedule, contends that 50 percent of its passengers tend to be traveling on business (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). The competitive nature of the industry to induce trial has seen Ryanair offer seats for free, requiring passengers to pay just the flight taxes and services charges, that usually amount to around â‚ ¬19 or more, each way (Rockmael, 2005). The elimination of assigned seating, decent legroom, complimentary meals and or beverages, baggage policies and limited service are how low cost carriers cut costs. Competition in this segment has increased to the point whereby there are approximately 60 low cost carriers in Europe, with names such as Flybaboo, JetFree, JetMagaic, Duo, Volareweb.com, Air Berlin, Germanwings and BMIbaby, to name a few (Rockmael, 2005). The efficiency drive at low cost carriers in cutting costs and utilizing standardized operations, and equipment has resulted in, on average, that they need just 80 employees to support each aircraft as opposed to the 115 utilized by incumbents (The Economist, 2004). And in Europe Internet booking has really caught on representing 99 percent of all low cost booking, as opposed to just 75 percent in the United States (The Economist, 2004). Search engines such as wegolo.com, applefares.com, searchlowestfares.com, skyscanner.net and openjet.com aid consumers in finding the lowest fares (Rockmael, 2005). The dynamics of travel in Europe are influenced by a number of geographical factors. In countries such as France, Spain and even Germa ny, low cost travel for pleasure as well as business can also be accomplished by high-speed rail, thus making alternative transport forms more competitive, which is not the case in the United Kingdom (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). High-speed rail gains an advantage in that the departures are from city centre to city centre, thus cutting down on the time to commute to airports and the extra money for cabs or parking fees and gas. This explains the lower growth deferential of low cost carriers on Europe’s continent, as opposed to in the United Kingdom (Airline Bulletin, 2007). Located outside continental Europe, the UK has a higher concentration of easy to reach airports, also balanced with a high level of business and leisure traffic that does not have alternative travel means to the continent. The preceding has been a factor in the tremendous growth of low cost carriers based out of the UK on flights traveling to the continent that has increased by a rate of 25 percent, as oppo sed to intra European flights. Traveling to the UK has increased by just 3 percent, in all making the United Kingdom Europe’s biggest low cost market (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). Security issues at UK airports are resulting in delays in check-in that is affecting the low cost business model that calls for faster flight turnarounds resulting in massive flight cancellations (Capell, 2006). Air travel has changed dramatically from the glamour industry it once was, to one of transporting people. Fares have dropped to the point whereby a flight from London to Turin, Italy, can be as low as  £10 each way, plus  £15 in taxes (Backman, 2002). Ryanair grounded 270 of 750 departures during the summer of 2006, and easyJet suffered in excess of 500 cancelled flights as a result of new security rules delaying boarding (Backman, 2002). The higher security rules are threatening the UK’s low cost carriers, who are thinking of imposing a carry on luggage rule to combat the problem, and potentially adding limited food and drink to passengers to compensate passengers for their inconvenience (Backman, 2002). As a result, the increased delays, and higher ticket costs a s a result of taxes have turned some passengers off utilizing short haul air flights. The preceding situation is aiding rail travel as passenger seek a less restrictive travel means in the UK as well as getting to continental Europe. Eurostar, which provides high speed rail to the continent has seen their passenger traffic increase 27 percent between the 10th and 13th of August 2006 as a result (Airline Bulletin, 2006). Conclusion The issues of pollution, the CO2 emissions trading scheme, higher low cost fare taxes, airport security issues, alternative high speed rail travel, and stiffening competition presents new obstacles to the continued growth of low cost carriers. Thus low cost carriers are looking at long haul routes to offset a slowing short haul market, bringing them into more direct competition with incumbents such as British Airways, and British Midlands, both of whom â€Å"†¦ have cut some fares on a range of short haul routes †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as have â€Å"†¦ KLM and Scandinavian Airlines †¦ and Lufthansa †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bonggeli and Pompeo, 2002). This means that incumbents represent another competitor factor facing low cost carriers as they see the high in sector competition weakening their position, thus providing a means for them to further eroded growth and recapture some business themselves in a market that does have finite growth potential. The weaker players in the low cost segment â€Å"†¦ such as SkyEurope and Hungary’s Wizz †¦Ã¢â‚¬  have higher survivability risks as newer entrants which the industry predicts will weed out weaked carriers through consolidation and business model failures (Capell, 2006). The continued realities of rising flight taxes, airport security issues, and carriers such as British Airways, KLM and Lufthansa, to name a few, are making concerted efforts to dip into the low cost model on selected high traffic routes, even though collectively, meaning the UK and continental Europe, holds just 7 percent of all intra European travel in terms of passengers flown, and are still short of the 25 percent market share achieved by low cost carriers in the United States. And that is the reason for the attack of incumbents now, as opposed to waiting for what happened to their U.S. counterparts (Forbes.com, 2002). Incumbents and low cost carriers are converging in terms of each sector looking at the others markets as a means to increased passenger travel, with each adopting some of the features of the others operational model as Europe’s skies become more blended in terms of competing for growth and revenues. Thus the reduction of frills is bringing some incumbents into the province of the low cost carriers to block further passenger inroads. The future for low cost carriers is seemingly summed up by an article in USA Today (2003) that sees Ryanair and easyJets dominant positions, and UK flying base as long-term positives, while low cost competitors on the continent will face increasing competitive pressures from these two dominant players as well as from other low cost carriers and incumbents. Bibliography Airline Bulletin (2007) Is Ryanair the Low-Fare, High Emissions Airline? 7 January 2007. Retrieved on 9 March 2007 from http://www.airlinebulletin.com/ryanair/index.html Airline Bulletin (2006) Security Fallout on European Low-Cost Airlines. 14 August 2006. Retrieved on 8 March 2007 from http://www.airlinebulletin.com/european_carriers/index.html AirlinesGate (2001) Airline Industry. Retrieved on 7 March 2007 from http://airlinesgate.free.fr/industry.htm ATR (2006) Low-fare, Low-cost Business Model in Europe: A Risk or a Chance for Regional Carriers? Retrieved on 7 March 2007 from http://www.atraircraft.com/downl/Fiche low-cost 2005.pdf Backman, M. (2002) Europe shows the way with dirt-cheap flights. 30 May 2002. Retrieved on 8 March 2007 from http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/05/29/1022569791615.html Bowe, R., Hartley, K., O’Connor, R. (20) Flying the Dirty Skies: Environmental Fallout from the Low-budget Travel Craze. September – October 2004. Vol. 15. E Magazine Binggeli, U., Pompeo, L. (2002) Hyped Hopes for Europe’s Low Cost Airlines: Europe’s Most Successful No-Frills Carriers are Making a Lot of Money, but as They Mature They Will Have Problems Expanding. The McKinsey Quarterly Button, K. (1996) Aviation Deregulation in the European Union: Do Actors Learn in the Regulation Game? Vol. 14, Number 1. Contemporary Economic Policy Button, K., Swan, D. (1996) European Community Airlines – Deregulation and its Problems. Vol. 27, Number 4. Journal of common Market Studies Capell, K. (2006) A Low Season for Low Cost Airlines? 16 August 2006. Retrieved on 8 March 2007 from http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/aug2006/gb20060816_732287.htm Doganis, R. (1994) The Impact of Liberalisation on European Airline Strategies and Operations. Vol. 1, Number 1. Journal of Air Transport Management easyJet (2007) Company overview. Retrieved on 6 March 2007 from http://www.easyjet.com/EN/About/Information/index.html Ericsson (2007) The Ryanair Success Story. Price as Brand. Retrieved on 6 March 2007 from http://www.ericsson.com/telecomreport/article.asp?aid=10tid=85ma=1msa=3 Forbes.com (2002) Hyped Hopes for Europe’s Low Cost Airlines. 10 October 2002. Retrieved on 9 March 2007 from http://www.forbes.com/technology/futuretech/2002/10/10/1010mckinsey.html International Civil Aviation Organization (2003) The Impact of Low Cost Carriers in Europe. Retrieved on 6 March 2007 from http://www.icao.int/icao/en/atb/ecp/CaseStudies/Europe_LowCost_En.pdf International Herald Tribune (2006) EU to include airlines in carbon trading program. 20 December 2006. International Herald Tribune jetpsa (2007) The History of PSA. Retrieved on 6 March 2007 from http://www.jetpsa.com/index/history.html Morrison, S., Winston, C. (1989) Enhancing the Performance of the Deregulated Air Transportation System. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Rockmael, K. (2005) The Dark Side of Europe’s Low-Fare Airlines. 25 February 2005. Retrieved on 8 March 2007 from http://www.budgettravelonline.com/bt-dyn/content/article/2005/06/04/AR2005060400819.html Ryanair (2007a) About Us. Retrieved on 6 March 2007 from http://www.ryanair.com/site/EN/about.php?page=About Ryanair (2007b) Strategy. Retrieved on 6 March 2007 from http://www.ryanair.com/site/about/invest/docs/Strategy.pdf Schneiderbauer, D., Fainsilber, O. (2006) Low-cost Airlines Gaining Momentum in Europe. Retrieved on 7 March 2007 from http://www.mercermc.com/Perspectives/Specialty/MOT_pdfs/3-Low-Cost Airlines.pdf Shelley, M. (2005) Get off to e flying start. 24 November 2005. Daily Record Southwest Airlines (2007) We Weren’t Just Airborne Yesterday. Retrieved on 6 March 2007 from http://www.southwest.com/about_swa/airborne.html Stanford University (2001) The Airline Industry. Retrieved on 7 March 2007 from http://adg.stanford.edu/aa241/intro/airlineindustry.html The Economist (24) Turbulent skies. 8 July 2004. The Economist The Washington Times (2006) Europeans Eye Tough Emissions Rules for Airlines. 21 December 2006. The Washington Times UK-Airport-News.info (2006) Ryanair tops Irish air pollution league. 26 February 2006. Retrieved on 9 March 2007 from http://www.uk-airport-news.info/stansted-airport-news-260206a.htm USA Today (2003) European low-cost airlines fly high, but face hard landing. Retrieved on 8 March 2007 from http://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2003-11-03-europe-lowcost_x.htm Winston, C. (1993) Economic Deregulation: Days of Reckoning for Macroeconomists. Vol. 31. Journal of Economic Literature Vella, M. (2006) The thrills of no-frills. 12 November 2006. Retrieved on 7 March 2007 from http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/2006/11/12/t8.html

Turn of the screw Essay example -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† Henry James, the famous author of ‘The Turn of the Screw’ was born on April 15, 1843 to his wealthy parents Henry James and Mary Walsh. His father, also called Henry James, was an Irish immigrant and by the time his own children were born he had inherited a lot of money from his father; and at this time Henry James senior and his family were living in New York. Henry James author of ‘The Turn Of The Screw’ was one of five children and had an older brother William who was born in 1942 he had four younger siblings also; Garth Wilkinson born 1845, Robertson born 1846 and Alice born 1848. Henry James’ father was devoted to studying theology, philosophy and mysticism (religion) as he was keen on studying and wanted his children to get the best education he could possibly afford. He made his children’s lives very academic and all four children were taught in very unusual ways to a normal family. They never stayed in a single school ,were sometimes taught by private tutors and always had access to books. They were constantly always open to new experiences also. On many occasions, famous artists, writers and thinkers visited the children giving them views and teaching. At the age of twelve Henry James and his family went on a three year long trip to Geneva, London and Paris, a trip that later in life would influence Henry to live and write his famous book in England, also become a British citizen, rather than a member of his home country America. His older brother William was very intellectual and studied medicine at Harvard and spent most of his professional life there, first as a professor of psychology and later in a new department of psychology. William became renowned for his public lectures on psychology and became well known in America and Europe. Henry also attended Harvard but went to the law school for a year but withdrew to concentrate on his writing career, he was awarded an honorary degree in 1911. Throughout Henry’s life he was always questioning things and was also brought into the world with a family that did exactly the same. The family questioned everything and were particularly intrigued in the working of the mind; his brother William, was even named the ‘father of psychology’. Many of Henry’s books dealt with problems of hysteria and stress and how this affected his characters was a frequent theme in his writing. Henry h... ... the noises are that she claims to hear. The reader would also like to read on to know if the house is haunted and if Flora is as angelic as the governess makes out. The book is so well written it can be read in many different ways, as I have mentioned. In the first chapter we get hints as to all of them and the ambiguity of the story starts as early as chapter 1, giving the reader different paths to read the story, in different ways. The reader gets a very strong feeling that the governess feels she is not suitable for the job at of looking after two young vulnerable children, as she seems very young herself without any experience of this kind. Chapter 1 is full of questions and strange issues, not only does this make the reader wants to read on to find out the answers but builds up the tension. To conclude, the sense of ambiguity makes the story what it is: either a thrilling ghost story or a tale of the mad young woman. Henry James has written it so well that we will never know which is the real interpretation of the story and whether the evidence I have found is relevant or if there is some other reason in to the true meaning of the novella. The story will always be a mystery.

Create a raffle ticket corresponding to the numbers

There several ways of being fair in the distribution of raises (or bonuses). It should be specific first that the 25,000 raise is a one time disbursement and not a continuing one.A fair distribution for raises can mean dividing the money equally among all those who would be receiving the raise, but this is not the common practice. One way to compute the distribution of the raises in compensation should consider the tenure of the services rendered.A fair distribution can mean that the longer the length of service rendered should have a larger share of the US$ 25,000.00. It can be done by summing up all the years of service of each employee then getting the percentage of years of service rendered. This is done by dividing the number of years rendered by one, by the total number of years everybody has rendered, multiply by 100, thereby deriving the percentage. This percentage is multiplied by 25,000 and the corresponding product should be the amount the individual will receive.Another w ay of having a fair distribution is divide the lump sum of 25,000 into unequal amounts, some higher, some lower and some average. Put the divided amounts in envelopes and number the envelopes outside. Make sure that the number of envelopes is equal to the number of employees. Create a raffle ticket corresponding to the numbers of envelops and make everybody draw a number.If the 25,000 will not be distributed, what can be done is to create a savings and loan association. From this association, the employees can borrow money for providential purposes and repay through salary deduction with interest earnings. At the end of a fiscal year, the earning from the savings association can be distributed equally among everybody. Â  

Holistic Science.

Holistic Science. Holistic ScienceThe process of healing through hands-on manipulation is older than any other healing methods. Almost every culture has integrated bodywork into its health care practices throughout history. The evolution of pharmaceutical, surgical, and technological medicine began to diminish the medical use of massage in the earlier part of this century. Massage Therapy was recognized as a profession in the United States in 1943 with the establishment of The American Massage Therapy Association (AMTA). A Holistic approach to self-improvement was reborn during the 1960's and 1970's. Open-minded generations of the 60's and 70's viewed modern medicine as un-personal and increasingly high-tech. The initial stride towards Holistic health was made by a rebellious bunch that desired a more caring, humanistic approach to healthcare. Although worldwide acceptance of alternative medicine has been a prolonged process, the need for human touch in the healing process has increased in the past ce ntury.Generally, the sorts of people that enter a field relating to Holistic Science are compassionate, open-minded individuals.Holistic View of CommunicationOnce involved with bodywork, people are introduced to a whole new kind of lifestyle. The majority of newcomers to this profession are attracted to its alternative aspects. Straying from the paths of modern medicine seems to appeal to a wide variety of backgrounds. The background of an individual greatly attributes to their chosen profession. A Holistic Health Practitioner is the most common occupation that comes out of the Holistic field. To become a Holistic Health Practitioner, an individual must be motivated and open to other lifestyles. The level of education required is high and the coursework is intense. Holistic healers emphasize the treatment of the whole person and stress the integration of body, mind, and spirit.Several key principles tend to the variety of forms of massage therapy and bodywork. The most basic princip le...

Answers for ESL Learners

Answers for ESL Learners What are Adjectives? Adjectives are words that describe objects, people and places. She has a fast car. - Fast  describes the car.Susan is very intelligent.- Intelligent  describes Susan.Thats a beautiful mountain. - Beautiful describes mountain. In other words, adjectives describe characteristics of different things.   There are nine types of adjectives which are explained below. Each type of adjective includes a link to further details of the particular grammar usage. Descriptive Adjectives Descriptive adjectives are the most common type of adjective and are used to describe a certain quality such as large, small, expensive, cheap, etc. of the object. When using more than one descriptive adjective, it is important to make sure that they are placed in the correct  adjective order. Jennifer has a difficult job.That sad boy needs some ice cream.Susan purchased an expensive car. Proper Adjectives Proper adjectives are derived from  proper nouns  and must always be capitalized. Proper adjectives are often used to show the origin of something. Proper adjectives are also often the name of a language or a people.   French tires are excellent.Italian food is the best!Jack prefers Canadian maple syrup. Quantitative Adjectives Quantitative adjectives show us how many of something is available. In other words, numbers are quantitative adjectives. However, there are other quantitative adjectives such as  several, many, a lot of  which are also known as  quantifiers. There are two birds in that tree.She has many friends in Los Angeles.I count sixteen mistakes on your homework. Interrogative Adjectives Interrogative adjectives are used to ask questions. Interrogative adjectives include which and what. Common phrases using interrogative adjectives include:  Which type / kind of and what type / kind of plus a noun.   Which kind of car do you drive?What time should I come?What type of ice cream do you like? Possessive Adjectives Possessive adjectives  are similar to subject and object pronouns, but they indicate possession.  Possessive adjectives include my, your, his, her, its, our, and their.   My house is on the corner.I invited their friends to dinner.Her dog is very friendly. Possessive Nouns Possessive nouns act like possessive adjectives but are formed by using a noun.  Possessive nouns are created by adding an apostrophe to a noun to indicate possession such as the  cars color, or the  friends vacations. Toms best friend is Peter.The books cover is misleading.The houses garden is beautiful. Predicate Adjectives Predicate adjectives are placed at the end of a sentence or clause to describe the noun at the beginning of a sentence. Predicate adjectives are often used with the verb to be. His job is stressful.The vacation was enjoyable.It probably isnt very easy. Articles Definite and indefinite articles  can be thought of as a type of adjective because they describe the noun as one of many or a specific instance of a particular object.  Ã‚  A  and  an  are indefinite articles,  the  is the definite article. Tom would like an apple.She wrote the book thats on the table.I ordered a glass of beer. Demonstrative Pronouns Demonstrative pronouns  show which objects (noun or noun phrase) is meant. Demonstrative pronouns include  this, that, these  and  those.  This  and  that  are singular demonstrative adjectives, while these and those are plural. Demonstrative pronouns are also known as  determiners. I would like that sandwich for lunch.Andrew brought these books for everyone to read.Those trees are beautiful! Adjectives Quiz Find the adjective and  identify its form. Choose from: descriptive adjectiveproper adjectivequantitative adjectiveinterrogative adjectivepossessive adjectivepossessive nounpredicate adjectivedemonstrative pronoun I gave the ball to her cousin.Education is important.They have a beautiful daughter.Which kind of car did you decide to buy yesterday?Those cars belong to Peter.She has a lot of friends in China.Chicago is amazing!Jennifer proposed an elegant solution to the problem.What kind of grades did you get?Helens house is located in Georgia.  Italian food is the best!Holidays can be boring at times.  Alex has three books.Its a hot day.Our friend didnt answer the question. Answers: her - possessive adjectiveimportant - pronominal adjectivebeautiful - descriptive adjectivewhich kind of - interrogative adjectivethose - demonstrative pronouna lot of - quantitative adjectiveamazing - pronominal adjectiveelegant - descriptive adjectivewhat kind of - interrogative adjectiveHelens - possessive nounItalian - proper adjectiveboring - pronominal adjectivethree - quantitative adjectivehot - descriptive adjectiveour - possessive adjective

A Love Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

A Love Story - Essay Example Interactions increased during the exam revision period as we got to know each other. With each meeting, I started admiring him more and more. He also had a good sense of humor while his smile made me go crazy. I felt drawn towards him as days passed. I also got the vibes that he too was keen to meet me. The next three months were spent in intense exchange of messages. I used to look forward to parties thrown by my friends because that would mean meeting Cheng. It was like as if I wanted there should a party every other day, so attracted I was towards him. About three months later, I decided to express my feelings to him and start a relationship. However, I also prepared myself for rejection from his side – I did not want to break down or shatter my life. So I told myself that even if he does not same feelings for me, we could continue to be good friends. This is because I liked him immensely as an individual and valued his friendship. I did not trust myself so I jotted down al l that I wanted to express and then called him up. I picked up the courage to call him up and â€Å"read† out my feelings, all the while nervous as a wreck. His silence further unnerved me. He then calmly conveyed that he was not ready for any steady relationship yet. A couple of days later we did meet again when we all went to the Adelaide show. While I was trying to be as natural as if nothing had happened, I could sense that he was trying to avoid eye contact with me. At times, he joked as if to cover up his emotions.

Henry Hill in Film of Goodfellas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Henry Hill in Film of Goodfellas - Essay Example A crucial example supporting this is the lifestyle that he led, which was full of riches. In addition, he himself claimed that he had always wanted to belong to a gang and it would have been a better achievement than being the President of the United States. In most instances, he had people supporting his actions and encouraging him, which meant that it would not be easy for him to leave the life. In fact, at one time, fully aware of the actions that Hill was involved in, his wife’s mother put up her house as bail so that Hill could leave jail. This is relentless support for crime and heinous actions in the society. This shows a huge difference between the films of the 60s where the gangs had no friends and the family members did not condone their behavior and could even have them arrested. Such actions bring many differences in the films that were produced between the 60s and the 90s. Therefore, Henry Hill is not portrayed as a villain that the audience wanted to see lose but one that was viewed as a hero. In fact, the audience wants them to succeed, when analyzing the storyline critically. Among the motives that prompted him to explore into criminality is money. He always wanted to live a good life and through crime, he managed to make enough to live expensive lifestyles. In addition, he wanted to make a name for himself in a neighborhood that he termed as ‘full of nobodies’. This can be taken to mean that he wanted to enter a social class of the group of people who were rich through the easiest ways available regardless of the morality involved. This depicts a desire for materialism. His main reason was to avoid being poor. This movement into crime seems justified to him because he had very many reasons to justify himself.