German Expressionism Essay -- Essays Papers

German ExpressionismGerman Expressionism is a kind of art that is supposed to cause you feel something. When you look at a painting such as The Scream by Edvard Munch (1863-1944), you ask yourself what kind of emotions does this painting give you. A group of early 20th century German artists used the term expressionism to desribe the way they produced art. The title later turned into German Expressionism. This art movement was enceinte during 1905-1925. In German it is known as Die Brucke and Der Blaue Reiter. Unlike Impressionism, its goals were not to reproduce the impression by the ring world, but to express the artists feelings on the surrounding world. Expressionism comes from the route word expression which means to make known or reveal or show. The text b...

“Ships at a Distance”: Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay

Zora Neale Hurston opens Their eye Were Watching God with an eloquent metaphor regarding dreams Ships at a distance have every mans wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others, they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to final stage by Time (Hurston 1). Hurston describes here how some dreams are achieved with time while others lurk out of reach until the dreamer gives up. Janie Crawford, protagonist of Their Eyes Were Watching God, encounters many ambitions throughout her livelihood, mainly concerning a desire to somehow achieve something in life, and to not just go through the motions. While Janies dreams and my own do not exactly correspond, we both aspire to discover a greater passion in life and find a voice that will change us to make a difference.When Janie is growing up, she is eager to become a woman and is ready to dive into the strain, maturity, and exhi laration of adulthood. In the beginning of Janies life story, Hurston introduces the metaphor of the pear tree, a symbol of Janies blossoming, and describes how she had glossy leaves and bursting buds and she wanted to struggle with life but it seemed to elude her, which successfully captures her excitement and perplexity of come in the adult world (11). Janies anxiety of growing up is also articulated with the image of her looking, waiting, breathing short with impatience. Waiting for the world to be do (Hurston 11). In her teenage years, it seems as if her life revolves around the anticipation of womanhood. Even as Janie grows older, she continues to hold on to her aspiration of living an adventurous, invigorating, and passionate life. In criti... ...le. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York, NY HarperCollins, 2006. Print.4 Jordan, Jennifer. Feminist Fantasies Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God. Tulsa Studies in Womens Literature 7.1 (1988) 105-117. JSTOR. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. 464063.7 Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. Tuh De Horizon and Back The Female ask in Their Eyes Were Watching God. Black American Literature Forum 17.3 (1983) 109-115. JSTOR. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. .8 Rosin, Hanna. New Data on the Rise of Women. Dec. 2010. TED Talks. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. .2 Their Eyes Were Watching God Readers Guide - Introduction. The Big Read. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. .

Language Acquisition :: essays research papers fc

CONTENTIntroduction ........ 3Main body1. Language acquisition .........42. The stages of spoken language acquisition ............ 52.1. The prelinguistic stage .....................72.2. Babbling ................... 72.3. One-word utterances .................92.4. Two-word utterances .................... 102.5. Telegraphic speech ...........132.6. Language learning during the pre-school period of time ..163. The critical period ....... 174. The summary of behaviours to expect of children with normally matureing speech and language 195. The language acquisition cannot be sped up .. 206. Tips to help develop speech communication in a child ...22Conclusion ... 24Bibliography .... 25INTRODUCTIONChildrens acquisition of language has long been considered whiz of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behaviour.Still today, it is the commonly held belief that children acquire their mother tongue through imitation of the p bents, caregivers or the people in their environment. L inguists alike had the same conviction until 1957, when a then relatively unknown man, A. Noam Chomsky, propounded his theory that the capacity to acquire language is in fact innate. This revolutionized the study of language acquisition, and afterwards a brief period of controversy upon the publication of his book, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, in 1964, his theories are now generally accepted as largely true. As a consequence, he was responsible for the emergence of a new field during the 1960s, Developmental Psycholinguistics, which deals with childrens first language acquisition. He was not the first to question our up to now mute acceptance of a debatable concept long before, Plato wondered how children could possibly acquire so complex a skill as language with so little experience of life. Experiments have clearly identified an ability to discern syntactical nuances in very young infants, although they are still at the pre-linguistic stage. Children of three, however, are able to manipulate very complicated syntactical sentences, although they are unable to tie their own shoelaces, for example. Indeed, language is not a skill such as many others, like learning to drive or perform mathematical operations it cannot be taught as such in these early stages. Rather, it is the acquisition of language which fascinates linguists today, and how it is possible. Noam Chomsky turned the worlds eyes to this enigmatic question at a time when it was assumed to have a deceptively simple explanation. pull ahead in this term-paper I am going to describe the stages in child language acquistion starting from the very birth of an infant till the onset of puberty. verbiage ACQUISTIONThere are many facts that are intriguing about the language.

The Affirmative Action Debate Essay example -- affirmative action argu

The Affirmative follow through Debate Most Americans desire a colorblind golf-club. A society where individuals are judged upon merit, as opposed to the color of their skin. That is the reason Affirmative satisfy was birthed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. That is also the reason that Proposition 209 was voted for in 1996. These two historical events are driven by the desire of equality. What is Affirmative Action? According to Geraldine Leshin, it is Taking positive or active steps to accomplish the public insurance goal of equal employment opportunity. What is Proposition 209? Its a new law that has been passed that prohibits the state of California and local governments from discriminating against or granting preferential treatment to some(prenominal) individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity or national origin in public employment, public education or public catching (San Jose Mercury News). Affirmative action was implemented for important reasons. Broadly defined, affirmative action refers to efforts to addition educational and employment opportunities for minorities and women. More specifically, it applies to various programs and policies designed to increase the number of minorities and women hired by government and industry and admitted into colleges and universities.(Faundez, 213) Affirmative action is important especially in the work force. Before affirmative action, minorities and women felt, and seemed to be, discriminated against being chosen for the job. Affirmative action was to help with the increasing of opportunities for those that were previously discriminated against(Lemann, 145). Affirmative action was created to not only help Black-Amer... .... Leshin, Geraldine (1979). Equal Employment Opportunity an Affirmative Action in Labor-Management Relations A PRIMER. Institute of Industrial Relations Los Angeles, Tab H. Mendoza, Ryan (1996). Affirmative Action remains the American compromise. T he Yale Daily News, Internet. Available http//www.townhall.com/columnists.duplantier/dul112195. hypertext mark-up language (1996, October 4). Mills, Nicolaus, ed. Debating Affirmative Action Race, Gender, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Inclusion. New York Delta trade Paper-backs, 1994. Proposition 209 and Affirmative Action (1996). San Jose Mercury News. Available http//www.sjercruy.com/news/breaknws.htm Rockwell, Paul (1996). Angry White Guys For Affirmative Action. Available http//www.dnai.com/awgfaa/html/angry.html (1996, October 4).

Racism in the Criminal Justice System Essay -- Police Corruption 2014

Racism in police treatment of minorities has created great disparities in incarceration amongst the races. Blatant cases of anti-Semite(a) natural law enforcement that are covered in thenews are a testament to the fact that racism within police departments exists from coast to coast. However, these are only the cases that people find out about there are countless other cases of police racism and brutality that are not reported.A serial of reports that have been published in the last few years have shown that young black men are being incarce governd at a rate far greater than their number in the overall population. In the fall of 1995, Vincent Schiraldi, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco, released a study that found that nationally 33% of the black men in their 20s were under the control of the criminal judge administration in some way, shape or form. This shows an increase from 1991, when 25% of the black men nationwide ages 20 t o 29 were incarcerated, on probation, or on password (Butterfield 1996).Schiraldi, attributed the higher incarceration rates for black men to tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine than for other drugs harsh new sentencing laws the prison construction gold rush and poverty, lack of good jobs and poor education in inner cities. We will address how tougher punishments have resulted in worse treatment for minorities in the criminal justice system. The tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine, which is prevalent in minority neighborhoods, and the harsh new sentencing laws are a result of a new, stringent brand of law enforcement in which officers are trying to arrest as many people as possible. Unfortunately, as a result of this new brand of law enforcement, minoriti... ...ws. 12 August 2012., late ed. Al.Butterfield, Fox. Study finds a disparity injustice for blacks.NewYork Times. 13 Feb. 2013, late ed. A8.Fazlolloh, Mark. From Prison, Ex-Cops Call Offenses Routine.P hiladelphia Inquirer. 12 may 2012, late ed. Al.Fighting Police hollo A Community Action Manual.American Civil Liberties UnionOnline. 9 May May 2014.Orseno, Brian. The DWB Phenomenon.American Civil Liberties Union. News Updates. 23 April 2013. Online. 7 May May 2014.Rose, Veronica. The ACLU Fights Back Against Police Profiling On A National Level.The ACLU Northern California. 14 January 2013. Online. 8 May May 2014.Slobodzian, Joseph A. City Officers Indicted on rottenness Charges. Philadelphia Inquirer. 1 Mar. 2011, late ed. Al.Victims of Mandatory Minimums. Families Against Mandatory Minimums. Online. 17 May May 2014.

Racism in the Criminal Justice System Essay -- Police Corruption 2014

Racism in police treatment of minorities has created great disparities in immurement amongst the races. Blatant cases of racist law enforcement that be covered in thenews argon a testament to the fact that racism within police departments exists from coast to coast. However, these are only the cases that people mold out about there are countless other cases of police racism and brutality that are not reported.A series of reports that have been create in the last few years have shown that young black men are being incarcerated at a rate far greater than their number in the overall population. In the fall of 1995, Vincent Schiraldi, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco, released a news report that found that nationally 33% of the black men in their 20s were under the control of the criminal justice system in approximately way, shape or form. This shows an increase from 1991, when 25% of the black men nationwide ages 20 to 29 were inca rcerated, on probation, or on parole (Butterfield 1996).Schiraldi, attributed the higher incarceration rates for black men to tougher punishment for the ingestion of crack cocaine than for other drugs harsh new sentencing laws the prison construction boom and poverty, lack of adept jobs and poor education in inner cities. We will address how tougher punishments have resulted in worse treatment for minorities in the criminal justice system. The tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine, which is prevalent in minority neighborhoods, and the harsh new sentencing laws are a result of a new, stringent brand of law enforcement in which officers are trying to arrest as many people as possible. Unfortunately, as a result of this new brand of law enforcement, minoriti... ...ws. 12 August 2012., belatedlyly ed. Al.Butterfield, Fox. Study finds a disparity injustice for blacks.NewYork Times. 13 Feb. 2013, late ed. A8.Fazlolloh, Mark. From Prison, Ex-Cops Call Offenses Routine.Philad elphia Inquirer. 12 May 2012, late ed. Al.Fighting Police Abuse A alliance Action Manual.American Civil Liberties UnionOnline. 9 May May 2014.Orseno, Brian. The DWB Phenomenon.American Civil Liberties Union. News Updates. 23 April 2013. Online. 7 May May 2014.Rose, Veronica. The ACLU Fights rearwards Against Police Profiling On A National Level.The ACLU Northern California. 14 January 2013. Online. 8 May May 2014.Slobodzian, Joseph A. City Officers Indicted on Corruption Charges. Philadelphia Inquirer. 1 Mar. 2011, late ed. Al.Victims of Mandatory Minimums. Families Against Mandatory Minimums. Online. 17 May May 2014.

Preventing Blood Stream Infections Health And Social Care Essay

National Patient Safety Goals ( NPSG ) were introduced in 2002 in battle array to assist turn to some of the issues that were responsible for doing a bulk of the state of affairss that were responsible for making patient safety issues. These ends were implemented in order to come out concentrate on what were deemed to be the most preventable of these issues. One of these ends is the cease of aboriginal line-associated blood watercourse infections ( Lyles, Fanikos, & A Jewell, 2009 ) .Literature ReviewCentral venous catheters ( CVC ) are indispensable in the guardianship of critically sick patients. However, their usage is non without hazard. Catheter-associated blood stream infections ( CA-BSI ) are common healthcare-associated infections in intensive attention social unit ( ICU ) patients and have been estimated to happen in 3 % -7 % of all patients with CVC ( Warren, et al. , 2006 ) . It is good documented that intravascular catheter related complications are associated wi th widening hospital length of stay, increasing get hold of costs and increasing ICU mortality. Clinicians insert about 7 million cardinal venous entree devices ( CVAD ) yearly in the United States, and of these, 1 in 20 is associated with a CA-BSI, despite the usage of the best available sterile techniques during catheter insertion and care. Overall, an estimated 250,000 CVAD-related CA-BSI occur yearly, with an attributed mortality of 12.5 % to 25 % per happening. The national cost of handling CA-BSI peers $ 25,000 per infection, severally, or $ 296 million to $ 2.3 billion in entire. While the figure of CA-BSI has remained comparatively steady, vascular entree device usage has drastically increased, particularly in nonhospital scenes ( Rosenthal, 2006 ) .A wide sum of search is directed toward cut toss off these complications in an attempt to better patient outcomes. A reappraisal of the literature provides an overview of current recommendations refering intravascular catheter attention and research sing the usage of tuition plans to advance recommended pattern.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) published the Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related transmittances in 2002, which is the benchmark for all intravascular catheter attention recommendations. The guidelines for CVC suggest the refilling of dressings every 7 yearss or when soiled or loosened, endovenous tube alterations every 72 hours, and the replacing of tubing used to administrate blood merchandises and lipide emulsions within 24 hours of extract induction ( East & A Jacoby, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to the CDC, about 53 % of grownup patients in intensive attention units have a cardinal venous catheter on any given twenty-four hours ( Rupp, et al. , 2005 ) .Skin cleaning of the interpolation site is regarded as one of the most of import steps for forbid catheter-related infection. Historically, povidone-iodine is an antiseptic that has been used duri ng the interpolation and care of the intravascular devices. It works by perforating the cell wall of the micro-organism. More late, chlorhexidine has been studied and found to be more effectual as a skin antiseptic to forestall catheter-related infection. It works in less clip, retains its antibacterial consequence against vegetation thirster, is non inactivated by the presence of blood or pitying protein, and causes minimum skin annoyance. Chlorhexidine works by interrupting the microbial cell wall. It is active against many Gram-positive and to a somewhat lesser degree Gram-negative bacteria ( Astle & A Jensen, 2005 ) .A multistep procedure is recommended to forestall CA-BSI that includes educating staff, utilizing maximum barrier safeguards ( e.g. a unfertile gown and baseball mitts, mask, cap, and big unfertile curtain ) , executing infection surveillance, and replacing occlusive dressing every 7 yearss or when needed ( Buttes, Lattus, Stout, & A Thomas, 2006 ) . Other strong ly recommended patterns include proper manus hygiene, usage of chlorhexidine gluconate for interpolation site readying, and turning awayof everyday catheter alterations. Catheters impregnated with antimicrobic agents are recommended when infection rates are high or when catheters will stay in topographical point for a considerable clip ( Krein, et al. , 2007 ) . Education of staff on the proper attention of CVC is paramount in cut downing the sum of CA-BSI. This is mayhap one of the most cost-efficient methods of cut downing CA-BSI ( Ramritu, Halton, Cook, Whitby, & A Graves, 2007 ) .ExecutionA staff instruction plan was initiated for the nursing forces that chiefly deal with CVC. This instruction plan was aimed at developing the ICU and step-down unitaaa?s nursing staff proper attention and care of the CVC. Education focused on proper attention of the CVC, including when dressing alterations should be performed e.g. every 7 yearss or when the dressing is soiled. Nurses were besid es trained in how to suitably help with CVC arrangement and the support tool that infection consider utilizes to measure attachment to interpolation guidelines. Posters were besides placed in the nurseaaa?s interruption and conference countries that had educational block up related to proper attention of CVC. Documentation was besides placed in the physicianaaa?s lounges that bucked up use of maximum barrier safeguards during CVC interpolation.The installation that was find presently utilizes a few different agencies of measuring with respects to CA-BSI. First, a checklist is utilised during CVC interpolation that evaluates attachment to interpolation guidelines by the staff. This checklist is sent to infection control and entered into a database which is correlated with patient informations sing CA-BSI. Second, in patients that are identified as holding a CA-BSI, after catheter remotion, laboratory microbiological surveies of the catheter, blood, and interpolation site swabs ar e performed to place causality of the infection.Execution Compared to Literature SuggestionsPractices that cut down the hazard of CA-BSI include the undermentioned ( 1 ) usage of maximum barrier safeguards during CVC interpolation ( i.e. , a surgical mask, unfertile gown, unfertile baseball mitts, and big unfertile curtains ) , ( 2 ) arrangement of the catheter in the subclavian vena instead than the internal jugular or femoral vena, ( 3 ) altering catheters merely when necessary, and ( 4 ) altering dressings on CVC issue sites when they become nonocclusive, soiled, or bloody. These patterns have been incorporated into national guidelines. Presently, the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee ( HICPAC ) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) recommends that infirmaries implement comprehensive educational plans that teach proper CVC interpolation and care techniques ( Warren, et al. , 2006 ) . These patterns are mostly in line with what is impl emented at the ascertained installation. One difference, which is non in line with these recommendations, is that the ascertained installation has a high figure of internal jugular interpolations instead than using the subclavian vena. When asked about this, many of the doctors stated that entree was easier to place utilizing ultrasound during interpolation and they preferred this method over subclavian interpolation.Recommended ChangesFirst, transaction of an instruction plan for suppliers that is focused on infection control, particularly the recommendation of using the subclavian vena interpolation for CVC arrangement as a early pick in patients that have no contraindications to this arrangement. Second, securing the second-generation antiseptic catheter, coated with chlorhexidine and Ag sulfadiazine on the internal and external surfaces, to more efficaciously prevent microbic colonisation in patients that are identified as being at hazard. Decreased bacterial colonisation, a critical measure in the pathogenesis of catheter-associated infection, may correlate with bar of catheter-related bacteriemia ( Rupp, et al. , 2005 ) . Third, instruction and preparation demands to be expanded to any nurses that may be responsible for caring for a patient with a CVC. These countries include non-critical attention countries such as paediatric and medical floors. Larger Numberss of patients with CVC are now found in non-ICUs than in ICUs and that CA-BSI rates in those scenes are higher. Catheter types and interpolation sites variegate greatly among scenes. For illustration, jugular and femoral interpolation sites are common in ICUs subclavian and peripheral sites are more common elsewhere. So schemes for cut downing CA-BSI must be tailored to the scene ( Hadaway, 2006 ) .

Investigating Special Education Internet Resources Essay

Family Village For Families of Children with extra Needs http//www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/websites.html This website offers a wide variety of resources for the community to use when trying to navigate aroundthe internet. It has sources such as P bent to P bent Matching, Mental health Websites, Diagnosis, and Internet resources.The Tulsa Area Alliance on Disabilities http//208.112.118.116/disabili.html The website explains the benefits of early inclusion with students with and without disabilities. The website as well breaks down the stages in which the mortal should be reaching milestones such as work and self-sufficiency. Tulsa Kids For Parents. For Families. For Life http//www.tulsakids.com/October2011/Tulsa-Special-Needs-Resource-Guide.The Tulsa Kids for Parents webstie offers five pages facilities where children with disabilities tin utilize for exercise, activities, cheerleading, horseback riding and many other events that students with disabilities can introduce in. Thi s site similarly provides churches, foundations, learning facilities and legal services. This can be very helpful when parents are searching for activities their child may be interested or therapeutic exercise. United Way Tulsa Area United Way http//www.tauw.org/Member_Agencies.asp The Untied Way provides a tremendous amount of support in the Tulsa area for mammoth number with disabilities.The United Way partners with agencies to provide support for services the New Leaf that provides residential living skills classes and vocational training. ParentsNational Center for Learning Disabilities http//www.ncld.org The NCLD website provides over hundred and one videos on different disabilities in order for parents to get an understanding of what type of disability their child may have. Not only does it provide facts close the disabilities it also provides true life stories from parents who have a child with a disability. Oklahoma Department of Human Services.http//www.okdhs.org/progr amsand services/dd/prvdrs/docs/providerlistab.htmlThe Department of Human Services is one of the well-nigh crucial services a parent can utilize. Having a child born with a disability is very expensive and the services the parents are offered are sometimes are life savers. Families can rely on unacquainted(p) home visitsfor therapy, vouchers for formula, free shots and wellness baby checkups. Wrightslaw http//www.wrightslaw.com/.Wrightslaw is a website that provides newsletters for parents to subscribe to concerning where to turn for Special Advocacy, Legal issues, revised regulations in education. This is a must to parents with a child that has a disability due to the fact that the website gets you headed in the right directs if a conundrum arises. The information is up to day on the No Child Left Behind Act.StudentsFunbrain www.funbrain.com This website provides interactive games such as connect the dots to create a stamp of an animal or character. Funbrain is for all school age students and are arranged in different grade levels. KidsKnowIt Network http//www.kidsknowit.com The Kids Know It Network can be used as a homework helper by watching math videos on the problems a student may be struggling with. in that location are also bidoes on astronomy, biology, geology, history, math, memory and so much more. Teachers can utilize this website as an additional tool in the classroom. The great part about this website is it is free. Learn4Good http//www.learn4good.com/kids/indes.htm Learn4Good offers all ages Pre-k through 12 interactive games, lessons, math, reading, and can provide a report on student progress. At first I did not call in students should be on this website but then took a closer look at what it had to offer the lower grades as well as the upper grades. many times the older grades do not have enough educational websites to keep their interests or only geared to lower level learners.Starfall http//www.starfall.com Starfall offers children a large variety of learning tools to begin students learning adventures for all ages. Thedifferent categories range from learning their alphabet, colors, days, sounds to the students reading. My students with disabilities use this website when they make it into the computer lab.TeachersDepartment of rearing http//www.ed.gov The Department of grooming is one of the most valuable websites that keeps teachers and administrators informed of the changing laws in education. It provides resources for grants, professional development and funding. Do2Learnhttp//www.do2learn.com Do2Learn is a must for teachers who teach children with autism.It allows you to print pictures of the childs periodical routine with flash cards. Self help toilet procedures, clothing, social behaviors and emotions. It offers over 2,500 pictures cards that can be printed. Most features on this site are free but there are some that you will need a subscription for. This website is a must for parents and teachers w ho work with Autistic students.Khan honorary societyhttp//www.khanacademy.org Khan Academy is one of the most valuable websites for teachers to utilize as a resources tool. It offers 750 math videos that allows students to view a 3-5 minute video on the math problem that they are currently working. If students struggle with a certain step of a math problem they can view the video as many times as they may need. This is great as a homework helper. Learning Disabilities Association of Americahttp//www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/index.asp The LDA can provide a path to understanding of many of the disabilities that teachers come in contact with every day. As an educator it is important to utilize resources that can provide definitions of their students disabilities. It provides signs, symptoms and strategies.National Association of Special Education Teachershttp//www.naset.org The NASET offers a wide range of resources for teachers such as Professional Development Courses, IEP Develop ment Tools, E-Journals, IEP Golas, Objectives and Activities App. The most up to day features arealso avail and can be utilized form your ipad or iphone app. One very important feature about this website is that it provides handouts, printable forms and reports.No Child Left Behindhttp//www.2.edu.gov/nclb.landing.jhtml The No Child Left Behind website offers resources for teachers and strategies that can be utilized in the classroom. Free special educational resources, bullying resources, are just some of the resources. The website also provides changes in the state standards, which is something that all teachers need to be aware of at all times.

Affirmative Action Essay

Martin Luther business leader, Jr. once said, In well(p)ice anywhere is a flagellum to justice everywhere. This statement will always ring true especi altogethery on the subject of equal opportunity when it comes to avocation and education here in the United States. Its no secret that equivalence has been something America has always lacked, but at the same time has always been something America stood for. In fact it bunghole be easily inferred that equality among all men has been something America has stride for since it gained independence from the British in 1776. Our founding fathers were the first to take this sign thought, that being best portrayed in the declaration of independence, which states We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalien fit Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.(qtd. In declaration of independence)To me this means our founding f athers believed that every human being from birth has the god precondition over right to a life of liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but somewhere during Americas journey as a country it forgot its true creed and became its own tyrant pr level offting people from reaching their complete potential while also denying its own citizens liberty and a pursuit to happiness. And although achieving equality in this country has been nonhing short of easy with countless set backs and hypocritical ideas, equality among all its citizens is still something America does strides for, and nonhing brings you direct equality disown like Affirmative Action does.If you consider plausive act for its intentional purposes than Affirmative Action is very just, its purpose being to equalize the education and economic gap between minorities and causations. Although it is not a perfect method to achieving equality in this country, it is essential to accept it for wherefore its been put into plac e and that it is all part of a process. Of way of life affirmatory treat is far from perfect and has a fair deal of problems, like promoting reverse difference while business up negative stereotypes. I researched all of these aspects while pondering the question is optimistic action still needed in todays indian lodge? In this paper I will be explaining what affirmative action is. The History behind affirmative action like how it all unfolded, who do it, and the memorial as to why it is in loading now. I will also list some pros and cons of affirmative action, how the United States could better affirmative action for the emerging and finally a conclusion, which is my opinion on the topic.But what exactly is Affrimative action? Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment and education acceptance decisions. Universities with affirmative action policies broadly set goa ls to increase diversity. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to give any preference to unqualified candidates. And by no means is affirmative action supposed to harm anyone through reverse discrimination.The purpose was to create equal opportunity for the people who had been unjustly treated in the past. It was set out to correct this wrong, and make it right. But at the same time too often is Affrimative action is looked upon as a solution for a nation once ill with, but now cured of, the evil disease of racial discrimination. Some would say Affirmative action is, and should be seen as, a temporary, partial, and perhaps even flawed cure for past and continuing discrimination. But all in all affirmative action is defined as The positive steps interpreted to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those st eps involve preferential selectionselection on the instauration of race, gender, or ethnicity (Fullinwider) Of course affirmative action has a very deep business relationship to it, and to why it was put into place. Now that you understand the purpose for which it was made, let me explain who made it and why affirmative action was created.The history of Affirmative action, the first step in affirmative action was the creation of it. president John F. Kennedy first introduced it in 1961. The following(a) is in sections to show the timeline of affirmative action in the begging stages of its creation* March 6, 1961 Executive Order 10925 makes the first reference to affirmative action (Timeline)President John F. Kennedy issues Executive Order 10925, which creates the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandates that projects financed with federal funds take affirmative action to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.* July 2, 1964 Civil Rights Act signed by President Lyndon Johnson The most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or national origin. (Timeline)* June 4, 1965 Speech defining concept of affirmative action In an eloquent speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Johnson frames the concept underlying affirmative action, asserting that civil rights laws alone are not enough to remedy discrimination You do not clean away the scars of centuries by saying now, you are free to go where you want, do as you desire, and choose the leaders you please. You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, saying, you are free to compete with all the others, and still justly believe you have been completely fair . . . This is the next and more(prenominal) profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom b ut opportunitynot just legal equity but human abilitynot just equality as a right and a theory, but equality as a fact and as a result. (Timeline)* Sept. 24,1965 Executive Order 11246 enforces affirmative action for the first time (Timeline) Issued by President Johnson, the executive establish requires government contractors to take affirmative action toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment.The rest of the affirmative actions timeline from here on out is mainly just irresponsible Court campaigns, which can help define what exactly it can do and what exactly it cant do.* In the 1978 Supreme Court case University of California vs. Bakke, a white male named Allan Bakke claimed reverse discrimination because he was rejected twice from medical school while less-qualified minority students were admitted to fill a quota that required 18 out of every 100 places be modify with minorities. The Supreme Court ruled against inflexible quota systems, but did not outlaw affirmative action as a whole.(Timeline)Most of the lawsuits were against Universities since umpteen universities also adopted affirmative action programs in the 1970s. These programs were aimed at increasing black enrollment and the scrap of black faculty. None more notable then Jenifer Gatz law suit again the University of Michigan Gratz vs. Bollinger and Grutter vs. Bollinger. It ruled that affirmative action fulfills a induce gratify in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a divers(prenominal) student body. The purpose of affirmative action policy shifted from redressing injustice to promoting values of diversity.But even by and by all these deciding cases on affirmative action its still a heated matter of dispute. After more legislation and many Supreme Court decisions, affirmative action continues to be controversial (Legal History, Ongoing Debates section, para. 1).These controversies lead to questions, which can only be answered by understa nding why affirmative action was put into effect in the first place. It is important to remember affirmative action is still a work in progress to achieve something much bigger than any one individual. People tend to forget that and the history to why affirmative action was put into place.It cannot be denied that Americas history is full of mistreatment of minority individuals. Women did not have a chance to vote for tight a century and half after the birth of the country. African Americans were captured and laboured into slavery, Although the Thirteenth Amendment ended institutionalized slavery in the United States in 1865, African Americans were not treated equal to whites in the eyes of the law for nearly another century, they were considered only one third of citizen.So with the two hundred years of slavery coming to an abrupt end a new political science or prejudices was to come into effect. Of course even after the end of slavery African Americans were consistently denied em ployment, housing, and education. In the south discrimination was a daily bit supported by Jim Crow laws.(Affirmative action) Unjust social statues and norms were passed in the 1800s that establish separate, inferior, public facilities, schools, waiting rooms, railways cars, and restrooms for African Americans through out the country. This has caused a domino effect on our society that still seen today.Those outrageous social norms were practiced in America until late in the civil rights movement when president JFK finally adjudge the struggle for equality and the idea of Affirmative Action was born. After President Kennedys assignation, President Lyndon B. Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It banned discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, and sex in the areas of employment, public facilities, and government programs. The idea of equality in America, that every man is created equally was slowly and surly becoming more realistic, ascribable largely to Mart in Luther Kings efforts. Here are Dr. Kings own words on the idea of Affirmative action from his 1963 book why slang we wait King statesAmong the many vital tunes to be done, the nation must not only radically readjust its attitude toward the Negro in the compelling present, but must incorporate in its planning some compensatory consideration for the handicaps he has inherited from the past. It is impossible to create a formula for the future which does not take into account that our society has been doing something special against the Negro for hundreds of years. How then can he be absorbed into the mainstream of American life if we do not do something special for him now, in order to balance the equation and equip him to compete on a just and equal basis? Martin Luther King J.R (Wise)In his 1967 book, Where Do We Go From Here Chaos or Community? King argued A society that has done something special against the Negro for hundreds of years must now do something special for him, to equip him to compete on a just and equal basis.(wise) Continuingfor Two centuries the Negro was enslaved and robbed of any wages potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of Americas wealth could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of exploitation and humiliation. It is an economic fact that a program much(prenominal) as I propose would certainly cost far less than any computation of two centuries of unpaid wages plus accumulated interest. In any case, I do not intend that this program of economic aid should apply only to the Negro it should benefit the disadvantaged of all races.- Martin Luther King J.R (Wise)It is clear that these are some of the reasons why Martin Luther King J.R and others thought affirmative action should be and eventually was put into effect. A large part as to why affirmative action is in effect is so Compensation can be made to those who are at a disadvantage due to past racial biases and predjedi sm.You should now have a better idea as to what exactly affirmative action is, what its intentions are, the history behind who made it and the deeper history as to why it is still in effect and why it was originally put into effect. Affirmative action is however a major literary argument in the United States, ever since its beginning, the concept of affirmative action raised difficult questions. Many civil rights activists see affirmative action as a necessary step in achieving equality for groups that had faced discrimination in the past. However, critics of affirmative action argued that individuals should be treated on their own merits without love to color, national origin, or sex.(Affirmative Action)The Benefits of Affirmative Action The one benefit of affirmative action is to correct past discriminations such as the mistreatment of women and slavery. This remedial justification of affirmative action recognizes that wrongs have been committed in the past and acknowledges a mo ral obligation to set things right (Affirmative Action Pros and Cons, The Origins Of, Legal Treatment Of, Political and societal Debates, The Future, Pros and Cons section, para. 1).It is important for injustices to be redressed. Slavery and institutionalized racism have not been redressed yet in America and around the world. In order for justice to be served, it is necessary for the main losers of racism in America (African Americans) to be compensated for their loses through affirmative action. (Affirmative Action) And affirmative action does just that, not in the virtuoso of giving physical money, but through opportunities in education and in life. The following are the benefits affirmative action providesAffirmative action has provided many opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds and income levels who ordinarily would not be considered for admission to colleges and universities. This means that the pool of talent coming out of the higher education system is larger and better able to contribute as productive members of the workforce. Affirmative action has had a profound effect on employment hiring and promoting practices. Historically, close to 90% of all jobs are filled without being advertised, with the majority of positions going to friends, relatives, or acquaintances of company employees.(Wise) This is often the case with a lot of jobs. Unfortunately it can boil down to whom one knows not what they know. The result of this practice is that employers often end up with employees who are not the best person for the job if it were properly advertised.Affirmative action has encouraged many companies to engage in employment practices that set minimum standards of job definition, recruiting, outreach, and evaluation that result in choosing the right person for the job. Finding the right person for the job or the promotion is critical in letting business efficiently utilize the workforce and allow each person to reach his or her full potential. Diversity in itself is desirable, it has been since the birth of this country, but it wont always occur if left(p) to chance. But when affirmative action is working like its initial purpose was intended too miraculous things can happen, and there are good facts to back that up. Between 1981 and 2001, the total number of degrees awarded to Native Americans rose by 151.9% because of affirmative action policies. (Patterns) Also, from 1982 to 1995, there has been an increase in the percent of black managers from 5 to 7 percent. Hispanics have shown a 3 percent increase from 5 percent in 1982.(Patterns) Affirmative Action has been successful in providing minorities with opportunities.At the same time a recent study has shown a person with a white sound name has a 50% more change of getting a call back from a interview than those with black sounding name even when qualifications are indistinguishable. (Tim Wise) Again equality is desirable but it wont always occur if left to chance.Elim inating affirmative action can lead to the re-segregation of higher education. When affirmative action was outlawed at the University of Texas in 1995, the number of black students at the UT Law School dropped from 65 in 1996 to 11 in 1997 and Latino student enrollments have been cut in half since the decision. (Patterns) this isnt necessarily a pro, but interesting enough. With affirmative action being banned in Texas the number of white students also dramatically increased while the number of Asians skyrocketed. I guess the best-qualified applicants where accepted.Here is a statistics that shows why affirmative action is still needed. For every dollar earned by men, women earn 74 cents, African American women earn 63 cents and Latina women earn 57 cents. (Patterns) This unjust statistics will continue with out the help of something like affirmative action. It is the reality inequalities like this that suggest maybe affirmative action should be left alone till equality is fully rea ched or a better solution is thought of.

Coca-Cola versus Pepsi-Cola: Competitive Strategies Essay

Coca-Cola ( deoxycytidine monophosphate) and Pepsi-Cola (Pepsi) start been the most popular soft drinks for many years, and has also been all(prenominal) others biggest competitor. bump was created in 1885 by John Stith Pemberton, a pharmacist, and was initially made as a tonic (Smith, 2012). In the beginning, Coke had cocaine in it, which was to disturb depression and also perk up consumers addicted to the drink. In 1904, the Food and Drug Administration eliminated the use of cocaine, a key ingredient, in the United States, so Coke decided to keep its name and endorse the beverage through aggressive advertising (Smith, 2012). Thirteen years after the creation of Coke, in 1898, Caleb Bradham, a pharmacist, created a beverage named Brads Drink (later win overd to Pepsi), and was Cokes main competitor (Smith, 2012). Both companies focalizeed on advertising, except they took various approaches. These different approaches that each gild uses, also reflects the differences of th eir corporate market-gardenings. Coke and Pepsi entertain been competing with one another since the beginning, and this competition seems to have pushed both companies to remain at the sack up of their market.Corporate culture is defined as an organizations system of principles, beliefs, and values (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). Cokes corporate culture focuses on seven core values, which are leadinghip, passion, integrity, collaboration, diversity, quality, and obligation (Coca-Cola, 2013). Coke focuses on their employees and their brand in order to keep the promise to refresh the world in mind, body, and spirit, and inspire moments of optimism to create value and make a difference (Coca-Cola, 2013). On the other hand, Pepsis corporate culture focuses on performing with a purpose. Performing with a purpose means blazing young trails, never settling for second best, succeeding and celebrating together, and doing something bigger (PepsiCo, 2012). Pepsi also focuses on nutrition by addr essing health concerns. The difference between these two companies is that Coke seems to focus more on their employees, where as Pepsi, seems to focus more on staying ahead of the competition by always coming up with new trends or products.Pepsis culture has benefitted Coke by focusing on healthier alternatives rather grass products. In 2006, when Indra Nooyi took over as CEO, she decided not to continue to appointment with Coke. Instead of cola products, Nooyi decided to focus on water, juices, teas, and sports drinks. Since Pepsi began focusing on healthier alternatives, of all soft drinks, Coke has controlled 41.9 percent of the market compared to Pepsis 29 percent (DAltorio, 2013). On the other hand, Cokes focus on their brand has benefitted Pepsis decision to not focus mainly on cola products. Coke clearly commands the cola war between the two companies, but Pepsi has won the gross battle, bringing in 38 percent more revenue than Coke in 2011 (Russell, 2012). Pepsi has expand ed the companion by starting the Quaker Oats, Gatorade, and Tropicana divisions.By opening up these divisions, Pepsis goal is to reach $30 one million million in revenue by 2020 (DAltorio, 2013). Cokes focus on the brand, allowed the company to clearly control the cola market, but by limiting the company to soft drinks, Coke has allowed Pepsi to tap into other markets and gain more revenue. Another part of Pepsis culture that has benefited Coke was doing something bigger. Pepsi has been known to use celebrities to promote their products, but there have been instances where these promotions have backfired. The most recent of these mishaps was in 2002 when Pepsi pulled an ad featuring the rapper Ludacris. Bill OReilly called for a boycott of Pepsi because he felt the company used an immoral rapper as a spokesperson (Russell, 2012). After the controversy, Pepsi committed to paying $3 million dollars to the Ludacris Foundation (Russell, 2012). With a popular rapper, such(prenominal) a s Ludacris, who has millions of fans, this controversy created the risk of Pepsi losing millions of consumers, which could have switched over to the competition, Coke.In the future, the part of Cokes corporate culture that will probably change is their leadership. Companies change leaders often, especially when the current leader is not performing to the standards that the company expects. In order to continue to thrive, Coke has to be sure that they put leaders in place who understand the companys vision. They must be able to take those visions and continue to move the company forward in its market. Coke has been a leader in the cola market for many years and as a new leader, it will have to be the goal of that leader to ensure that Coke remains at the top of the market or Coke will have to find a new leader. If Coke ceaselessly has to change leadership, then it will affect the company. Finding a great leader is not an easy task, but once that leader is found it is up to him/her to effectively lead the company into the future and not ruin everything that has been built before they came along.Pepsis believes in blazing new trails, and thus far it has worked for them. In the future, Pepsi must be careful that by blazing new trails they do not forget what has allowed their supremacy over the years. Although the new trails that they tapped into in the past have worked, there is no guarantee that it will continue to work in the past. There have been companies, like Coke, that have tried new products (New Coke) that did not work. Pepsi has had achievement with tapping into new markets, but the company must be careful that they stick with what has worked for them so that they do not tarnish the brand that they have worked so hard to establish. The different markets (water, juices, teas, and sports drinks) that have been tapped into has brought Pepsi much success, and instead of blazing new trails, Pepsi needs to focus on making their current product lines bigge r and better. Tapping into other markets that they are not already a part of could possibly take away from the product lines that they already have in place.Conclusion Coke and Pepsi are the top cola and soft drink companies and each others biggest competitor. Both companies have established themselves using different methods, but they both have had success with these methods. Coke has clearly won the rivalry between the two when it comes to the individual cola lines, but when it comes to overall revenue Pepsi has won the battle of revenue. Although both companies have made mistakes over the years, both have continued to be successful. Coke has stuck with what has worked for them throughout the years, which is the cola and soft drink market. Pepsi on the other hand, tried different markets, and was very successful. These two companies will continue to be rivals from now until the end of time because they are both at the top and continue to fight to make sure that is where they stay.

Fave Ford Case Study Analysis

External logistic suppliers are used to manage inbound supply chain. Customers are advance to use computers to balance supply and demand. Both companies are focused on strategic partnership with Its suppliers. There might be some escalates between dingle and Ford there are some difference In the operation of the companies. B) Dell forecast its demand with short term forecast and any careen in instantly considerd within the conjunction and its suppliers. Ford relies on long term forecasting. C) Ford supply chain is more complex therefore dell.Following are the alternatives and options ford can apply Alternative 1 Design a mixture of online and offline operations and form procedures to enable customization and ordering by customers over the internet but maintain physical dealerships as well. Advantages a) Customization to customers, start a supply chain vertical integration business stumper. B) Open new marketplace segment and attract clients who like online shopping. C) Reduc tion in strike and inventory carrying costs. D) Direct control on customer service experience.Disadvantages a) Costly, time consuming that requires intragroup and external changes which are not easy to handle and integrate with other operations. B) Independent dealers will complain due to internal competition. ) Suppliers inpower to keep up to speed with Fords modern IT technology. Alternative 2 Create a virtu totallyy integrated supply chain based on Dells model. Ford and all its suppliers would share information between their systems and the Internet to coordinate the flow of materials and production. All customer orders would be taken varlet 2 either via Fords web site or by phone and then build.A pull system would be implemented completely. A) Customization to clients, start of vertical integration in the supply chain. B) Customers needs are met scurrying at higher profits due the elimination of resellers ark-ups. C) Directly control customer service. D) Minimal inventory car rying costs and higher order lead time. E) The ability to forecast demand is significantly better. F) Improved relationships with both customers and suppliers. Disadvantages a) Fords traditional processes and production methods would have to be changed to take advantage of this new form of supply-chain management.Since it is a in truth costly and time consuming activity, the difference in the two industries makes it a risky option. C) Change management h as to take off etc w hi chi I s costs y and emotional y sensitive. Recommendation and Implementation Keeping the existing supply chain would hatch to deliver the same dismal results and declining profits for the company. subsequently careful examination and review of the alternatives, we came to conclude that the long term implication of the second alternative is the company going out of business, which eliminates option 2.This option seems illogical when we take into account the fact that Ford is an automobile manufacturing compa ny and Dell assembles customized computers for its customers via the internet, eliminating dealerships all across and relying altogether on their website or its sales will put it at a great disadvantage with competitors. So we would recommend Ford to extend its Virtual-business strategy by partially implementing the Dells model of supply chain (Alternative 1).The part of the Dells model which does not fit with Ford need to be discarded. The dealers would still play a region in the distribution since the buying experience of a car from a dealer cannot be substituted by something virtual like a ad model on a computer or images and description online. Implementation In order for Ford to implement option 1, their IT systems should be keyized and hared with suppliers since its Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers might not be able to update their IT infrastructure as often as Ford.Suppliers can have access to central design database while Ford controls the access and melt downality as per Man agement Information System-Ford Case Study Analysis Page 3 the operational requirements. The whole coordinated system would ensure a smooth flow of materials and reduced bottlenecks and enhance the efficiency of the supply chain giving a competitive edge to Ford. And lastly, we retrieve that dealerships can play a more involved role in forecasting customer demand and Ford should explore the option of outsourcing it to a unswerving which specializes in forecasting demand and can work with each dealer or network of dealers.Monitoring and Control In order for the new system to function appropriately as intended, Ford must(prenominal) perform the following functions 1 . Appoint an IT specialist as a liaison to coordinate all IT activities with all suppliers in order to insure a smooth flow of information among the supply chain partners and immediately resolve issues as they arise. 2. Moon tort customers exclusively I nee orders by revive ewe Eng all order I dead times. The it me f mom the customer order initiation to delivery must not exceed a standard period of 3.Initiate an online customer satisfaction program in which customers will evaluate and rate their customer experience with Ford. 4. After every 6-8 month, review the performance and make recommendations on improvements to the appropriate authority. 5. Annual executive meetings should be held to review the progress of the business model. As well, review the shareowner value to check whether its increasing or decreasing. Conclusion Dell has focused on entrepreneurial and flexible approach any chance can be embedded instantly across the organization.Ford is much bigger organization as compared to dell and has developed its operation capabilities over the period of time. Virtual integration should be implemented by ford more efficiently. It will help ford to be more efficient in term of production and quick to suffice for any change in the real time. By virtual integration ford can look forward for mor e profitability as their overhead and inventory carrying cost will decrease. Furthermore, the over all success of this business model will depend mainly on the performance of their shareholder value. Page 4

Hewlett Packard (HP) company expert project Essay

Hewlett-Packard connection is an American multinational corporation focusing on information technology. It is headquartered in USA, California, Palo Alto. HP is among the worlds largest presidency and operates virtually in every country of the world. The familiarity focuses on the evolution and manu eventuring of computing, ne dickensrking, and data storage hardware. The fellowship products include enterprise servers, personal computing devices, connect storage devices, and a wide range of printers plus other imaging products. The friendship sells its products to households, small, medium and large-scale vexation entities, and other users (Packard, Kirby and Lewis, 2006).Wired Magazine identifies HP as the archetypical producer of marketed and mass produced personal computers (House and Lewis, 2009). The Hewlett-Packard 9100A was produced in 1969, coming as the first scientific calculator. The society is credited with producing the worlds first scientific electronic calcula tor in the course 1972. This only captures a segment of the many electronics the company pioneered in their production. This presents the company as revolutionary as it focuses on the production of new efficient products into the world.1. HistoryDave Packard and Bill Hewlett founded the HP conjunction in the year 1993. At the time of cin one caseiving the idea, the two were students at the Stanford University. The Companys first product, an audio oscillator for testing sound was built in Palo Alto garage. Walt Disney Studios was among the companys first customers as reflected by the purchase of eight oscillators, which went into use in the testing of the sound system in the production of the movie Fantasia (House and Lewis, 2009).The HP Company is among the few business entities in the world, which successfully unite computing measurement technologies, and communication (House and Lewis, 2009). The company continues to make progress in portable computing, entry into home computi ng, and imaging and printing solutions. For the latter part of the chivalric decade, the HP Company enjoyed twenty percent growth rates on yearly rates (House and Lewis, 2009).In the 1990s Lew Plant replaced the retiring John Young. The leadership change continued to see the growth path charted by the company go on. It is at this time that the HP Company gets recognition as a company, which values its workers as it offers a balance on work-life, diversity, and community involvement is struck. This is the major reason behind the huge attraction the company has on both current and potential employees. At the turn of the century, HP formed Agilent Technologies. At the same time, it brought on board Carleton (Carly) Fiorina as the new CEO. Carleton Fiorina primarily focused on reinvesting for growth and leadership (Packard, Kirby and Lewis, 2006).The major changes in the company rest on the part of a spin-off of its business to Agilent Technologies in the year 1999. In the year 2002, HP merged with Compaq. In 2008, HP acquired EDS, which saw an increased revenue up to 118 billion US dollars. HP, in November 2009, acquired 3Com. In April the subsequent year, HP salaried one billion two hundred million US dollars towards the purchase of Palm. As at May 2010, the accomplishment of Palm had been finalized (House and Lewis, 2009).The business environment of the HP Company just as in any other environment is characterized by competition (Packard, Kirby and Lewis, 2006). This offers a partial explanation as to why the company has focused on the skill outline. The presence of other competitors like Toshiba, Acer, Dell, etc imply that the companys position in the market is threatened, as a vector sum, it has to quest after in measures aimed at improving or retaining its market share.The growing population and demand for electronic goods on the other hand, presents opportunities for the HP Company (Packard, Kirby and Lewis, 2006). Through the acquisition schema, t he company has spread its presence across the globe and thus has the opportunity of studying the different markets preferences. This forms the basis upon which HP should embark on producing market ad hoc products. This should ensure an improved market share and a check on its competitors. Overall, the company does not appear to have taken dramatic changes to counter acclivitous threats.2. StrategyBrand positioning and differentiationAt the acquisition time, Compaq was the low-end dominant computer vendor (Collins, 2009). Its brand had become premium in both business and home use. On the other hand, HP enjoyed the repute of producing the best instruments in the computing market. After bringing these two brands under one leadership, there was a challenge of harmonizing them into one. HP did not have the option of jettisoning Compaq owing to its valuable brand. At the sale instance, it was difficult marketing the two lines for the same product (Collins, 2009). The result due to this is reflected on the HP website, which reveals a feeble brand differentiation between the two. It remains difficult for an average customer to differentiate the two.The acquisition strategy seems to be the major growth approach employed y the company. The acquisition of several businesses in various parts of the world indicates the place of the strategy in the companys developmental agenda. This strategy is useful as it underlies a variety of benefits attributable to it (Collins, 2009). The acquisition strategy is not unique to the HP Company as its major competitors as IBM employs the same approach. During the stewardship of Carly, HP went head to head with IBM concerning the acquisition of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting wing. The acquisition price ballooned prompting a withdrawal by HP. later IBM completed the acquisition (Collins, 2009).The presence of a number of competitors in the computing industry seems to be the major reason why the company chose to employ the acquisition strategy (Dong, 2009). With competitors like Dell, IBM, etc, the company is under no illusions. It must work out means of remaining ahead or at the minimum, getting stringent to these companies. Towards the pursuit to maintain and increase on its market share, HP had to adopt the acquisition strategy to compete effectively.Success is a function of several factors and as a result, it is difficult to pinpoint a specific one for success (Russ, 2002). The major strategy employed by HP is the acquisition method. It is only once that the company had faltered in making an acquisition deal go though albeit on the basis of this paper. This was after the ballooning of the price on the PricewaterhouseCoopers making HP to baulk. found on the fact that IBM paid a fraction of what HP was universe asked to remit, then the execution of HP is plausible on this instance. However, based on the disadvantage of allowing your top competitor make the acquisition, it does not augur well for HP.However, this is only an instance, which happened during the rein of the disgraced Carly Fiorina. Given the company had achieved tremendous success forward Carly Fiorinas appointment, and it seems to be doing fairly well after her exit, the company strategy must have played a significant roe in the development of the company. However, a strategy alone is not good enough its execution is equally important. On this evidence, it is held that the success of HP heavily rested on its strategy just as it did rest on its execution.Technology is a rapidly changing area of business (Collins, 2009). The company thus needs to be antiphonary to these changes. Towards this end, the company needs to alter its products if it is to compete. The presence of other giant industry players makes it difficult for the company to lag behind in terms of adopting newest technology in its product manufacturing. Competition is healthy especially to the consumers however, this poses a serious threat to the company, as it must check this or face declining sales.3. CultureFrom the beginning, Packard and Hewlett developed a leadership style never practiced before. They coined a corporate culture known as the HP way. The culture renounced the hire and fire mentality. This is reflected by the defying of temptations to lay off workers despite the1974 US economic crisis. The two owners also underscored the need to promote own motivation at the workplace. The company was run like a family. The profit sharing approach underscores this focus. Further to this, employees were extended several benefits, which meant that HP was the perfect and unique employer (Buhler, 2003).In 1950, Bill and Dave chose to write down the company objectives to serve as guidelines in reference to all decision-making in the company, this was aimed at keeping pace with the growth the company had achieved by this time. The objectives covered citizenship, management, the growth people, customers, and profits. Towards achieving the go al, team-wok was proposed (Collins, 2009).Based on section of workers, HP was premised on religion when referring to the company philosophy. The company was viewed as inviolable. The management philosophy was founded on teamwork, respect for individuals, innovation, integrity, and contribution to society. This explains why the company gained a lot of respect both from its workers and from members of society. The founding fathers Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett are credited with the introduction of this legendary leadership style into the company (Dong, 2009).The hiring of Carly Fiorina from outside the company ranks coming after the merger with Compaq seems to have brought changes hitherto un-witnessed. Carly Fiorina was accused of carelessly handling workers issues especially on lay-offs.in the lay-off exercises, Carly Fiorina factored in on profits with little attentiveness on the welfare of the workers. At the same time, Carly Fiorina is accused of introducing the element of perso nality cult into the organization. It is during the reign of Carly Fiorina that employees began complaining about fear. The CEOs reign was notwithstanding characterized by proxy wars. Retirees also complained about ignored views and total disregard of contributions. This presented a big departure from the initial cultures as set by the two owners (Dong, 2009).Rather than firing, employees were reassigned duties. Employees were allowed up to six months to find their desired positions. If one failed to locate a working position, s/he was allowed to quit as opposed to being fired. This was during the good old days. The management interacted freely with the workers to facilitate sharing of information. Both Hewlett and Packard took time to talk to staff at various HP points (Dong, 2009). The focus was on creating a loyal workforce.Fiorina is accused of turning the company fortunes to a lower scale (Dong, 2009). This is reflected in the way in which employees were laid off. Further to t his, Fiorina made comments mean to belittle Walter Hewlett, her merger opponent, this indicates a departure from the original HP way.The dramatic change in the culture of the environment was occasioned due to the changing environment in characterizing the industry (Walton, 2002). This would enable the company gauge competition and remain in business though its position as a credible employer could loose credibility. However, the point to which culture affects the organization has weathered over time. Unlike in the past, organizational structure seems to be in control as opposed to the cultural aspect. The fact that the organizational set up has managed to change its focus from cultural attributes of the company serves to augment this position.

Men and Women in Business Society Essay

It is said that in nowadays we live in a modern and developing world where people father unlimited opportunities for develop workforcet.Widely supported state workforcet is the one which says that the individual success fully depends on the individual abilities and skills.Although it is true,still there are some prejudices which reflect on us and our choice.In our more tolerant community(compared to the past) discrimination is unacceptable but unfortunatelly it still exists. More particularly we will pay attention to one popular belief in the sphere of business according to which men are better leaders than women.Where does this statement come from?What are the differences between businessmen and businesswomen?We will compare men and women in the business society and we will try to find out the truth. It is not a secret that men and women have some significant misunderstandings in their way of thinking and character.As it is said-Men are from Mars and Women from Venus. But lets sho ot down a closer look at what exactly show the surveys and statistics.According to them in tense situations men are more cold-blooded while women are subordinated to emotions.Women are more insecure and prefer to do the things on their own,while men would rather cut into the task to someone else.That is why because unlike women,men feel comfortable giving orders to other people.Men prefer using competition to cooperation,in the contrary women prefer cooperation to competition because women genuinely appreciate their social contacts on their working place.In difficult moment men accept that obstacle as problem-solutionwhile women-situation-reaction.For men taking risks is a dubiety of profits.They ask themselves-What will I win taking this risk?For women taking risks is a question of sacrifice or What is the price of this risk?, What will I have to sacrifice taking it?Women accept success as happy concurrence of circumstances while men in case of success take merit to themselves. From all mentioned above we come to a conclusion that women are more emotional and they pay more attention to their feelings-Business as a post of interests does not tolerate such behavior.That is why the sensibility of women and their subordination to criticism are perceived as disadvantage. In spite of all statistics and statements of psychologists my personal credit is that we do not have to make a difference between a man and a woman. In spite of all supporting the dissertation that men are better business leaders we-women know that the best way, in which men can obey to the women, is to remain them to belive that they are the leaders.So weather men are better business leaders or we women let them(in purpose) believe so is still a question with no answer.

Economic Crisis and a Shift to the Right Essay

In 1867, after battling invaders for nearly a millennium, Hungary became an autonomous estate inside the Austro- Magyar Empire. This expansive empire had its northern put in present day Poland, its s starthern border in present day Serbia, and was bordered on the east and west by the Black and Mediterranean Seas, respectively. The empire was eventu totallyy defeated in populace warfargon I and with the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 the monarchy was disbanded, and after a period of turmoil, an independent kingdom was established under the authoritarian rule of admiral Miklos Horthy.Due to the scathe of the treaty and the redrawing of mevery europiuman borders, Hungarys size was reduced by two-thirds, go forth more than than 5 one million million native Magyars let outside of the countrys borders. These effects remain a sensitive issue for many today and still complicate relations between Hungary and its neighbors. In the events that devise to World War II, Hungary joined forc es with Nazi Germany by joining the Anti-Comintern stipulation and withdrawing from the League of Nations. These measures were taken in an move to regain its woolly territory from the World War I aftermath.At the start of World War II, Hungary remained neutral, however with pressure sensation from Germany, Hungary enc digested the war in 1941 by invading both Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. by and by several early battle losses, Hungary began secretly negotiating with the Allies. Hearing of these negotiations, Germany invaded Hungary and installed a puppet governance. This advanced governing began eliminating the Hungarian Jewish and Roma populations until Soviet forces in Budapest drove it out in 1945. In the stir of these events, the capital and much of the country was left in ruins. The Soviet Era (1945-1989)After World War II, commies held power in Hungary with the support of the Soviet Union. A new land disentangle bill was passed that redistri furthere land from l arge-scale estate owners to peasants. Additionally, during this time, industries became nationalized and collective agriculture was instituted. Hungary joined the War saying Pact aligning itself with the Soviet Union. The Hungarian population, however, was dissatisfied with this government, and in an effort to appease the people, the government instituted unsnarls such as withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact and comely a neutral power.These concessions on the part of the government allowed the Hungarians to realize their power and they demanded further reform and removal of Soviet domination. As a result, Hungarians revolted against the Soviet domination of Hungary. Although the Soviet Army defeated the Hungarians, sidesplitting more than 2,500 citizens and forcing more than 200,000 to flee, a new government was instituted. This government, led by Janos Kadar, was still Soviet-friendly, only if recognized the need for reform and began to become gradually more liberalized through th e 1960s.The Path to the European Union (1989-2006) In 1989, Hungary was the low gear country to suspension the Iron Curtain. Soon on that pointafter, Hungary transitioned from Communism to a multiparty parliamentary republic that welcomed fo dominate enthronization. Initially, the result was a out stand uping gloam in stinting activity and supporting standards. However, within iv years of the collapse of communism, nearly half of the countrys economic enterprises had been transferred to the private sphere, and by 1998 Hungary was attracting nearly half of all contradictory direct institutionalisement in Central Europe.In 1994, as a backlash to its rapid liberalization, Hungarians voted the Hungarian Socialist caller (MSZP) into power. The MSZP was a center-left party and the unofficial substitution of the Communists. This government supported and funded social programs temporary hookup in addition continuing with economic reform by commutation off government owned e nterprises and implementing targeted austerity measures. Soon, the countrys newfound growth and stability allowed it to birth an invitation to join NATO.Despite its solid economic performance, the MSZP was affected by allegations of corruption, which led to its defeat in 1998 by a Fidesz led coalition who selected Viktor Orban as prime minister. Orbans government created convertized control and refused to strike with opposite party leaders for months. They then adopted the Status natural law, an effort to reach out to the displaced Hungarian natives. The Status Law offered native Hungarians living in neighboring countries benefits such as health, education, and battle rights in Hungary.Despite western criticism of his policies, Fidesz did choose to shroud the MSZPs policy of satisfying the Copenhagen criteria to enter the European Union. In 2002, an MSZP coalition regained government control after Fideszs administration became the subject of scandals. The new Prime Minister, Ferenc Gyurscany, was able to complete the process and formally join the EU along with nine early(a) states in 2004. After joining, Hungary began to lease the more difficult challenge of joining the Eurozone by completing the Maastricht criteria.The Hungarian government predicted that this task could be absolute by the end of the decade. Hungarys Entrance to the Eurozone Failed Attempts to Join Eurozone In the late eighties, Hungary made progressive steps to position themselves for entry into the European Union. Hungary was the offshoot country to breach the forty-year Iron Curtain border the Eastern European countries. The Iron Curtain was the semipolitical, military, ideological barrier created by the Soviet Union after World War II to separate eastern and central Communist European allies from the Western noncommunist countries.In 1989, Hungary peacefully replaced their communist political party with a multi-party parliamentary democracy. As reported by the New York Times , a sweeping majority of Hungarian Communist Party voted for the radical transformation of legislation. The main motivation for the transpose was due to a stagnant economy and oppress religion under communist rule. A need for reform and free open trade with Western countries aided the Hungarian Communist Party in their decision. Before making the final vote, Hungary already began permitting the meeting and association of the non-communist parties.In 1991 Hungary completely withdrew from the Warsaw Pact, appointing the countrys first Parliament President elect. The political restructuring was aided by a shift to a free commercialize-based economy. Liberal economic policies and ideals such as exotic investment, asset management, entrepreneurship and integrating Hungary into the world economy were adopted by the new rule. A shift from an authoritarian economic science to a democratic capitalist system was projected to be a fairly smooth process.However, despite high hopes of a pr osperous economy there was a dramatic decline of economic activity and living standards. High interest and puffiness rates, unemployment amounting to 12%, and the conspicuous drug addiction of the new elite of entrepreneurs elicited widespread dissatisfaction among Hungarians. Some economists argue that the idea of capitalism in gang with the new practice of democracy will fail if introduced simultaneously. This is what occurred in 1991 as the ambitious measures of the new parliamentary party began to fail.Life became in truth difficult for many Hungarians as they struggled during the severe recession exacerbated by the monetary austerity necessary to reduce inflation and stimulate investment. After rising backlash caused by the paltry state of the economy, Hungarians voted into power the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) overthrowing the conservative Hungarian Democratic Forum. The MSZP was the center-left unofficial surrogate of the communist party. Since the MSZP was founde d on traditional communist ideals, the MSZP gained majority support based on the belief that things were reform in the old days when there were more jobs and economic security.The MSZP supported popular social programs while still progressively pursuing reform, selling state owned enterprises and implementing targeted austerity measures. For about 4 years, the reign of the MSZP was achieverful as there was a surge of stability and growth. Hungary also received an invitation to join the northwesterly Atlantic Treaty Organization during this time. Despite the success of the MSZPs role in Hungarys four-year economic stimulation, corruption plagued the party. In 1998, the MSZP lost control as the Fidesz-led coalition gained majority vote.In 1998 negotiations for Hungarys ledger entry into the EU also began. Viktor Orban, the prime minister, was criticized after the implementation of controversial laws such as the Status Law. This law granted health, education and employment rights t o native Hungarians residing in other countries. This law violated principles of the European Union. This was a horrible direction to take if Hungary had motives of joining the EU. Corruption scandals and bribery surrounding Orbans government proved to be detrimental just as they had been for the MSZP in 1998.There was a flip in good order in parties as the MSZP regained control in 2002. Picking up where Fidesz and the party left off in 1998, Prime Minister Gyurcsany implemented the final required reforms and joined the 15 country EU in 2004 along with Cyrus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. After this success, Hungary began pursuing the strict requirements for membership into the euro zone, also known as the Maastricht criteria. The criteria depict the terms regarding inflation, public debt and the public deficit, change over rate stability and the convergence of interest rates.The MSZP had high hopes that the terms of these criteria would be reached by the end of the decade. As exhibited by interchangeable events in Hungarys past, the ambitious attempts didnt quite live up to expectations. The MSZP maintained control in the election of 2006. Before this election there was a ballooning budget deficit of over 9% of gross domestic product. This issue was overlooked, while the party promised more consumption and lower taxes. In 2006, as more controversy unraveled, Prime Minister Gyurcsany admitted that his party had be about the economic condition of the country for two years.While protests plagued the country, Gyurcsany introduced austerity measures, which included tax appends and spending undercuts to trim the budget deficit to 3. 2% of gross domestic product. According to the Maastricht Treaty, the government deficit could not exceed 3% of annual GDP. Citizens revolted and the electorate denounced the new fees, causing a major defeat for Gyurcsanys austerity measures. A orbicular credit crisis ov ershadowed Hungarys economy in 2008 and 2009 and the efforts to meet the Maastricht criteria for the Eurozone failed. Fixed vs.Floating What Should Hungary Have Done with the Forint Hungary lost all hopes of reaching the Eurozone as the 2008-2009 financial crisis descended upon economies. Due to falling consumer spending, Hungary suffered a trade collapse and there was a loss of confidence in forint-denominated assets among investors. In February 2008, Hungary chose to float the forint after facing substantial pressure for devaluation. By midyear, the forint began a steep depreciation, which had the effect of making Hungarian exports more attractive.This had the potential to raise Hungarys GDP, as an increase in net exports, all other things remaining equal, will raise GDP according to the equation in Chapter 5 of the textbook Y=C+I+G+NX, where NX=NX (? ). This was not the case, however, as from 2008 to 2009, Hungary saw a 6. 7% decrease in GDP. Other aspects of the economy were at stool simultaneously which led to the decrease in GDP. The depreciation of the forint also meant that Hungarian households with foreign denominated currencies saw their payments increase dramatically in terms of the domestic specie.As many Hungarians had taken on loans in foreign currencies, specifically the Swiss franc, due to low interest rates, this proved a problem for several households. These loans were of unretentive risk when the forint was pegged to the euro, however with the currencys recent decline, many of these loans faced default. In October 2008, Hungarys central bank raised interest rates to 11. 5%, a 3% increase. This was an effort to equilibrate economy and investment. According to the text, increases in the interest rate serve to increase the supply of loanable funds and decrease their demand.Because Chapter 5 states that an increase in investment demand leads to a trade deficit, we can see that the Hungarian government is trying to increase its net exports to combat the financial crisis. The switch to afloat(p) the forint was intended to free Hungary to pursue economic policy independent of the Eurozone, however fears of a Hungarian default on sovereign debt laboured their government to request international financial assistance. Hungary received $25. 1 billion from the IMF, World Bank, and EU, making it the first nation to receive a bailout led by the IMF.This bailout came with promises to implement austerity measures to reduce public sector pay, increase both(prenominal) taxes, and decrease spending on social programs. By the first quarter of 2009, Hungary saw a decrease in GDP, an increase in unemployment, and the forint became Europes worst performing currency. During the financial crisis, four of the eight EU countries located in Central and Eastern Europe chose to float their currencies, and simply Hungary was seeing such financial and political complications.The other countries that did not float their currencies took a differ ent system and defended their pre-crisis permute rates with the Euro during the global recession. In order to remain competitive, they slashed their deficits and curbed inflation. These countries, however, were some of the worst performing in 2009. In the decision as to whether or not Hungary should deplete chosen to float their currency or remain pegged to the euro, it is important to compare the features of each option. A country may choose to see hard exchange rate pegs, soft exchange rate pegs, or rootless currency.Hard exchange rate pegs usually lead to sound fiscal and structural policies and low inflation. They tend to be longstanding, allowing for inference when pricing transactions. Downsides include that the central bank has no independent monetary policy because it cannot adjust exchange rates and interest rates are tied to those of the anchor country. Another option is soft exchange rate pegs. With soft pegs, countries maintain a stable value against an anchor curr ency/currencies, which can be pegged within a narrow (1%) or wide ( 30%) range. cushioned pegs remain a nominal anchor to settle inflation expectations and they allow for saltationed monetary policy to deal with shocks. Soft pegs are vulnerable, however, to financial crises, which can lead to large devaluations and even abandonment of the peg. The third option is floating exchange rate. This rate is mainly determined by the market and central banks intervene mostly through purchases or sales of foreign currencies in exchange for local currency in order to limit short-term rate fluctuations. Depending upon the country, the central bank may be particularly relate, or not involved at all.An advantage of floating regimes is that countries have the advantage of maintaining an independent monetary policy. Measures however must be taken to ensure success. First, the foreign exchange and financial markets must be able to absorb shocks without large exchange rate changes. Also, instruments must be available to hedge risks posed by the floating exchange rate. Hungary should not have remained pegged to the Euro during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. Had Hungary remained pegged, it would have likely faced worse fates than it saw during this time period.Since the other countries who remained pegged found themselves among the worst performing nations in the region, Hungary would have likely found itself in a similar situation to Latvia who even found their IMF bailout insufficient. Since none of these nations fared well, it would have been an unwise decision for the forint to remain pegged to the Euro. In contrast, the others that obdurate to float their currencies during this time had mixed effects. Poland actually saw a 1. 7% increase in GDP from 2008-2009, while Romanias GDP dropped 7.1% during the same time period. Since there was some success achieved by floating currencies during this crisis, it could be concluded that there was a difference in monetary policy that could account for the success or failure of these economies. Hungarys decision to float the forint was a wise one, however the execution of the policies surrounding this decision should have been modified. The advantage of full control of monetary policy was an advantage to floating currency, although it could also be a disadvantage if the policies do not promote thecurrencys success. Hungary should have implemented some austerity measures and set up policies to try to cushion some of the inevitable blow that would be brought on by the financial crisis and the new currency in the market. If those things had been done, Hungary may have seen less of a decline during this period and may have even prospered as Poland did. Exchange Rate of Hungarian Forint vs. USD, Euro and Swiss Franc establish off of the graphs you will be able to see what the forint was cost compared to the dollar, euro and Swiss franc.Looking at the first graph, forint and dollar comparison, the forint currency was worth around 200 to 240 dollars. The biggest difference in the currency was between 2008 and 2009, which is when they pertinacious to float the forint. Looking at the second graph, forint and euro comparison, the forint currency was worth around 260 euros until they floated. After 2009 the value of the forint rock-bottom making their value around 300 euros. Looking at third graph, forint and Swiss francs comparison, the forint currency was worth around 180 Swiss francs until they floated.Then in 2009 the forint value decreased making their value compared to Swiss francs around 200 to 240. Hungary decided to peg the euro and Swiss francs for different reasons. They decided to peg the euro because they ultimately cute to adopt the euro and show some relative stability in their currency. They had a target date but it was abandoned due to their debt, high budget deficit and inflation. Hungary pegged the Swiss francs because nearly 80 percent Hungarians had foreign currency loans and 55 percent of mortgages in Swiss francs. These loans had low interest and presented little risk to borrowers.The unopposed legislation of Fidesz and Orban and its economic impact The Fidesz and Orban parliamentary election in 2010 caused some controversy with other countries but continued to unite the Hungarian nation. One of the first actions that occurred was passing a bill for dual citizenship for Hungarians living abroad to offset the negative effects of Trianon Treaty. Neighboring countries, such as Slovakia, Romania and Slovenia were frustrated with this bill, but Hungarians were very supportive because many thought the treaty was unfair. Another feud was with the IMF.Orban promised to fulfill their campaign promise and stand his ground on the loan repayment. He felt that Hungary didnt need to repay these loans because these decisions were due to the preceding(prenominal) MSZP-led government. International investors reacted negatively to his actions, but domestic reactions w ere more positive. Fidesz sought out meeting EU deficit goals through raising new taxes on the banking, telecom, energy, retains, and pharmaceutical sectors. Hungarian populations supported Fidesz while multinationals continued to lose profit.In late 2010, the government made another change to support its fiscal situation by bringing private pension assets under state control. This upset private pension fund industries and The content Confederation of Hungarian Trade Unions but increased the trust in the government from Hungarian population. They believed that the assets from pensions would cooperate balance the budget. Lastly, the Hungarian government decided to take over the countrys rate background Monetary Policy Council by amending a law that gave parliament the right to nominate all four external members.Despite the changes that Fidesz and Orban made, Hungary was still wet in investments. Some advantages were in fact foreign direct investments, which totaled more than $2. 5 billion. They also have been able to the meet the demands of EU since becoming a member in 2004, showing their political stability. The location of Hungary has attracted many firms by being able to colligate Western Europe to other Eastern European countries. Hungary also continued to interest major multinational companies by having strong human capital.Outsiders, other foreign countries, and credit rating agencies may not have agreed with the decisions of the parliament, but it had no effect on their growth as a nation. Hungary continued their reform and growth. Is it wise to invest in Hungary? There are factors that the case touches on which suggest that Hungary is not the base hitst investment however, from looking at Hungary in its totality it is undeniable that Hungary should be a European market to invest in. Location Examining Hungarys location and its relative proximity to its neighboring European countries, attend tos justify why investors would emergency to consider investing in the country.Hungary is situated in the heart of Europe bordering seven countries with one of Europes largest waterways, the Danube, running through Budapest. This favorable location coupled with the major land routes and waterways that span crossways Hungary bemuse the country an optimal place for manufacturing, trade, services, and logistics. This prime location, accessible within a few hours of all European countries, makes Hungary an ideal launch point for investors who plan to develop their growing businesses while capitalizing on tonality European markets.The central European country is known for their excellent pedestal, their prime business parks and industrial sites. Considered a landlocked port city, Hungary is key in connecting Western and Eastern Europe. Stability and the EU As a long-standing member of the European Union, one of the major factors that also lends to the possibility of Hungary being a safe investment, is Hungarys relative political stabil ity. It is considered the most developed of the Eastern European countries and its highly developed infrastructure along with its stable government makes Hungary even more appealing.Hungary offers access to a market of over 250 million people within its borders as well as a European Union common market exceeding a half of a billion people. Di Tella, Weinzierl and Kuipers aptly highlight Hungarys stability, by pointing out that since emerging from communism in 1989, Hungary had held no interim elections and the federal government was never forced to separate two things most other countries in Central and Eastern Europe could not claim.The authors then continue in saying that, in addition, regardless of the political party in power, Hungary had honored the demands of the EU since becoming a member, including regulations on transparency , auditing, and budgets. Human Capital, Labor Costs and Economic Policy Other factors that help make Hungary an attractive investment are its persev erance costs, an investment friendly economic policy and its strong human capital.Hungary has a highly educated workforce where more than 85% of persons between the ages of 25-34 have completed secondary school with 70% of those individuals are enrolled in some form of higher education. More telltale(a) still are the wages that these highly educated individuals work for. The authors make mention of these low labor costs by saying moreover, Hungarys labor force worked for a fraction of their counterparts in the EU in 2007, real wages in Hungary were 40 percent of the EU average.Essentially those companies willing to invest in Hungarys human capital would be receiving a talented workforce, capable of achieving first-rate outcomes, at a discount rate. Frido Diepeveen, an operation manager at Randstad was quoted saying, While the characteristics of a Hungarian workforce make Budapest an ideal choice of location for multinational companies, Hungarians also find the dynamic and multicul tural asynchronous transfer mode of corporate giants appealing, creating the right recipe for a mutually satisfying and long-lasting match between employer and employee. upstart Hungarians are educated at a high level, satisfying your need for well qualified knowing graduates. In addition to the affordable labor costs, Hungarys economic policy welcomes foreign investment and forward to its full absorption into the EU Hungary experienced some of the most aggressive foreign investment of any Eastern European country. Contrarily, it is true that there are some drawbacks to investing in Hungary, and one should be mindful of them before investing.The most obvious of these risks or drawbacks is the increasing rate of inflation. Hungarys high inflation rate (of almost 8%) was the nous reason behind the country not being allowed in the Euro currency group which had standards in place ensuring that inflation must be lower than 3% for a country to join. Hungarys high rate of inflation c oupled with their lingering government debt has prevented them from adopting the Euro as their chief currency and has left them with the much weaker forint.This has in turn led to higher taxes on businesses in an effort to counterbalance the large deficits and high rate of inflation. With companies being taxed at a much higher rate, companies are subsequently forced to either accept a lower profit margin or cut costs. Even after considering this major drawback to investing in Hungary, it is hard to overlook those key factors, which make Hungary a very appealing country to invest in. Bibliography